16 - Play and Peer Interaction

Question 1

Peer

Answer 1

Any other child of approximately same age cohort. Often short interactions without long-term commitments. Don’t require mutual liking or respect

Question 2

Friend

Answer 2

A peer with whom child has special relationship. Regular, sustained interactions. Shared expectations about future interactions. Reciprocal actions and liking

Question 3

Peer interactions in 1st year

Answer 3

0-6 mo will look at other infants but do not expect replies. 6-12 mo infants begin to vocalize with, wave to, touch other infants.

Question 4

Peer interactions 1-2 years

Answer 4

Many exchanges facilitated by objects, toys. Hide and seek. Imitate one another. Interactions are longer with more positive affect

Question 5

Peer interactions 2-3 years

Answer 5

Verbal and theory of mind skills allow for sharing of meaning. Wider range of games

Question 6

Types of play in preschool age kids

Answer 6

In order of development: Onlooker behavior, Parallel play, Associative play, Cooperative play

Question 7

Pretend play

Answer 7

Development of social competence, theory of mind, coordination, symbolism, rules, themes. Promotes emotional regulation and understanding Begins at 18 months, peaks at 6 years.

Question 8

Spending time with adults vs children

Answer 8

Begin to spend more time with other children than adults at 2.5 years. Until 3, with either sex; after, same-sex interactions

Question 9

Gender differences in play

Answer 9

Girls - quiet, small groups, close to adults, artistic, books, dolls, unstructured, talking, more intimate, pretend play.
Boys - high energy, running, aggression, competitive, organized games with rules, superheroes

Question 10

Peers as socializers

Answer 10

Children imitate each other, less skilled children model behavior of older or more skilled. As they get older, reinforce, punish, criticize other peers. Peer pressure - peers model antisocial behaviors and punish peers for not participating/award for participating. Responding to positive and negative emotions with same emotion.

Question 11

Social comparisons

Answer 11

Evaluation of the abilities, characteristics, actions of peers to understand and assess oneself. Determines self-esteem. Become more common in middle childhood to adulthood.