2.3 - Marxist Theories

Question 1

According to Marxists, society is divided into the ……… and ………
Describe these

Answer 1

Proletariat - poor

Bourgeoisie - rich

Question 2

Who are the Bourgeoisie?

Answer 2

Upper class

Question 3

Define capitalism

Answer 3

Society’s based around money. Profit only goes to a few

Question 4

Who is Althusser

Answer 4

Marxist

Question 5

Althusser - education is part of the ………..

Answer 5

Ideological state apparatus

Question 6

The bourgeoisie use the ……….. and ………… to control the poor

Answer 6

Ideological state apparatus and repressive state apparatus

IRA and ISA

Question 7

What is the ISA

Answer 7

Ideological state apparatus - changing the way people think

Question 8

What is the RSA

Answer 8

Change people’s thoughts and feelings

Question 9

Who are the proletariat

Answer 9

Poor

Question 10

According to Althusser, the poor are in a ……………

Answer 10

State of false class consciousness

Question 11

According to Althusser, education prepares students to ……….

Answer 11

Accept a life of exploitation

Question 12

What curriculums do Althusser talk about

Answer 12

Formal and hidden

Question 13

Describe the formal curriculum

Answer 13

Teaches students that authority is good and correct

Question 14

Describe the hidden curriculum

Answer 14

Not directly taught - hierarchy, respect, punctual

Sub-conscious

Question 15

Who are Bowles and Gintis?

Answer 15

Marxists

Question 16

What did Bowles and Gintis come up with?

Answer 16

Correspondence Theory

Question 17

What is the correspondence theory?

Answer 17

The experiences a students experiences at school prepares them for work (a life in the capitalist system)

Question 18

What does the correspondence theory prevent?

Answer 18

Revolutions and rebellions

Question 19

Give 4 ways in which school is similar to workplaces

Answer 19

Hierarchy
Motivation
Rewards/sanctions
Passive/docile

Question 20

Why do schools like submissive personalities?

Answer 20

Workers are obedience so have capitalistic traits

Question 21

Why is the correspondence theory positive?

Answer 21

The principles are needed to pass on norms and values

Question 22

What does Reynolds say about the correspondence theory?

Answer 22

Some education encourages critical thinking of education system

Question 23

What does Willis say about the correspondence theory?

Answer 23

Pupils actively resist authority to develop an anti-school subculture

Question 24

How is the correspondence theory outdated

Answer 24

Students are now encouraged to complain about parts of school that they don’t like

Question 25

Who is Willis?

Answer 25

A neo-Marxist

Question 26

Willis created ........... ....

Answer 26

Learning to Labour

Question 27

What does learning to labour mean?

Answer 27

Being prepared to be bored at work

Question 28

What do WC boys develop according to Willis?

Answer 28

Anti-school subculture

Question 29

What do Mac an Ghaill think about learning to labour?

Answer 29

Its outdated as more opportunities - apprentices - retake GSCEs

Question 30

What does McRobbie think about learning to labour?

Answer 30

Androcentric study so no girls included

Question 31

Which 2 people criticises Willis

Answer 31

Mac an Ghaill | McRobbie

Question 32

Name 11 Marxists (5 main)

Answer 32

``` Marx Althusser Bourdieu Bernstein Bowles and Gintis ``` ``` Reynolds Willis Mac an Ghaill Rikowski Giroux ```

Question 33

What did Bourdieu create?

Answer 33

Habitus - money buys experience | e.g. museum, theatre

Question 34

What did Bernstein create?

Answer 34

Elaborated and restricted language code

Question 35

What is the restricted language code?

Answer 35

WC people, colloquial language and slang

Question 36

What is the elaborated language code?

Answer 36

MC/UC people - extensive vocab and complex sentences | Used in mark schemes

Question 37

Why do Postmodernists criticise Marxists?

Answer 37

Education was very different as no longer in post-fordist economy and there are a rage of jobs

Question 38

Why do Feminists criticise Marxists? (2)

Answer 38

``` Schools promote patriarchy (Heaton and Lawson) Androcentric studies (McRobbie) ```

Question 39

What does Rikowski think?

Answer 39

Education is shaped by the economy and business takes over school (marketisation policies)

Question 40

How are Marxists too negative?

Answer 40

Education provides: - Secondary education - Social solidarity

Question 41

How are Marxists too deterministic? (2)

Answer 41

``` Not all WC people fail at school Social class isn't the only factor (gender, ethnicity) ```