3.3 - Ethnicity (Differential achievement in education)

Question 1

Order of how well different ethnicities do well at GCSE

Answer 1

Chinese (74%)
Indian
White British (56%)
Afro-Caribbean (51%)
Gypsy / Roma (12%)

Question 2

Name the 4 external factors for ethnicity

Answer 2

Cognitive deprivation
Linguistic deprivation
Attitudes and values
Family structure

Question 3

How does cognitive development impact education?

Answer 3

Intellectual and linguistic skills are under developed

Linked to low income as have less money to spend on stimulating toys / activies

Question 4

How does linguistic development impact education?

Answer 4

Bowker - Black American families lack standard English.
Accent, colloquial language
English not first language
Influence teacher labelling

Question 5

AO3 - How does linguistic development impact education? (2)

Answer 5

Driver and Ballard - Asian children who speak a different language at home do just as well in English by 16 yrs old

The Swann Report - Language isn’t a major factor and still do well if not first language

Chinese and Indians do the best

Question 6

How does attitudes and values of different ethnicities impact education? (3 people)

Answer 6

Black children - fatalistic way of thinking so de-value education

Driver and Ballard - Asian family structure brings educational benefits (positive attitude towards education)

Lupton - Expectations of Asian parent’s behaviour reflect on school as more supportive of school procedures and disciple

Evans - White people learn to withstand intimidation and intimidate others in schools and distract others.

Question 7

AO3 - How does attitudes and values of different ethnicities impact education?

Answer 7

Khan - having a strict and rigorous family = highly stressful and controlled environment, especially for girls

Question 8

How does the family structure of different ethnicities impact education? (3 people)

Answer 8

Moynihan - black families tend to be single parent and female headed and lack financial support and a male role model

Pryce - Absent of a male role model causes a turbulent family

Murray - inadequate socialisation and not taught correct values

Question 9

AO3 - How does the family structure of different ethnicities impact education? (3)

Answer 9

Driver - Family has positive effects and black families teach girls to be strong and independent

Keddie - Victim blaming as culture is different, not deprived. Blame school system as ethnocentric

Archer and Francis - Family emphasis on education and educational success within Chinese families.

Question 10

Define label

Answer 10

To attach a meaning of definition to someone

Question 11

What did Gilborn and Youdell find about teacher labelling?

Answer 11

Teachers are quicker to discipline black pupils for the same behaviour as others

Expected to have more discipline problems and behaviour was misinterpreted as threatening

Question 12

Stats to prove racial inequality in the USA.

Answer 12

Black students 4 time more likely to be suspended

Question 13

Why are black students treated differently? (2 words)

Answer 13

Radicalised expectations

Question 14

What did Wright find about teacher labelling?

Answer 14

Teachers assumed Asian students had poor English so they spoke to them simply and left out of class discussions.

Question 15

Name the internal factors for ethnic differences in education (4)

Answer 15

Teacher labelling

Question 16

AO3 - Are teachers actually racist? (2)

Answer 16

Overly concerned with political correctness

Don’t want to offend the pupils

Question 17

What is Connolly find about teacher labelling?

Answer 17

Asian pupils - obedient and hard working. Silly if misbehaved

Black pupils - a threat if misbehaved

Question 18

5 people involved in teacher labelling (ethnicity)

Answer 18

Gibourn and Youdell
Wright
Connolly
Taylor

Question 19

What is Taylor find about teacher labelling?

Answer 19

Teachers are sensitive to multicultural issues and concerned about developing a fair policy towards ethnic minorities

Question 20

Who names the 4 categories black boys form after responding to racism?

Answer 20

Sewell

Question 21

What are the 4 categories pupils boys form after responding to racism?

Answer 21

Rebels
Conformists
Retreatists
Innovators

Question 22

Describe rebels (Sewell)

Answer 22

Excluded and reject goals and rules of school

Question 23

Describe conformists (Sewell)

Answer 23

Keen to succeed and disconnected from both school and accept school’s goals

Question 24

Describe retreatists (Sewell)

Answer 24

Very few people - disconnected from both school and subculture

Question 25

Describe innovators (Sewell)

Answer 25

Pro-education but anti-school

Question 26

What type of people did Mirza study?

Answer 26

Black females

Question 27

Who studies black females?

Answer 27

Mirza

Question 28

What did Mirza discover? (2)

Answer 28

Teachers discouraged black girls to be ambitious Selective in which teachers to ask advice from and did work on their own - failed strategy as limit options and fall behind

Question 29

What did Fordham and Ogbu discover? (2)

Answer 29

Acting white - doing well in school Acting black - fail and reject school so accepted by peers and have a respected status

Question 30

Define material deprivation

Answer 30

Lack of physical or economic resources

Question 31

Stats to prove material deprivations impacts BAME

Answer 31

15% of ethnic minorities live in overcrowding | Only 2% of white households

Question 32

What did Flaherty find about material deprivation

Answer 32

Pakistani and Bangladeshi are 3 times more likely to b in poorest 1/5 of population

Question 33

What does the Swann Report say about material deprivation? (AO2/AO3) (2)

Answer 33

``` Strongest predictor on doing well. Social class accounts for at least 50% of educational differences in achievement ```

Question 34

How are cultural and social factors linked? (AO2/AO3)

Answer 34

Black families are headed by lone females so likely to be in poverty

Question 35

What did Rex discover about racism? (3)

Answer 35

Racism discrimination leads to social exclusion Worsen poverty so forced into standardised housing Discrimination in employment.

Question 36

What did Noon do?

Answer 36

Sent identical CV but Evans and Patel as the names. Evans got more responses

Question 37

Name the 4 internal factors for ethnic differences

Answer 37

``` Teacher labelling Pupil subculture Ethnocentric curriculum Institutional racism Selection and segregation ```

Question 38

Define ethnocentric

Answer 38

Attitude or policy that gives priority to the culture and viewpoint of one particular ethnic group

Question 39

Who describes the curriculum as ethnocentric?

Answer 39

Troyna and Williams

Question 40

What did Troyna and Williams say about the curriculem?

Answer 40

Ethnocentric - gives priority to white culture. Ignore cultural diversity.

Question 41

Troyna and Williams supporting research (ethnocentric)

Answer 41

Stone - multi-cultural education produces more ethnic stereotypes

Question 42

What two types of racism did Troyna and Williams research? Define them

Answer 42

Individual racism -prejudice views of other pupils | Institutional racism - discrimination built into institutions

Question 43

What does Hatcher say about racism?

Answer 43

Gives low priority to race issues and failed to deal with the behaviour. Limited communication between schools and BAME parents

Question 44

3 examples of racism within schools

Answer 44

Hidden curriculum School holidays Foreign languages

Question 45

Gilborn - ............. has given schools more power to select pupils so ethnic minorities are at a disadvantage

Answer 45

Marketisation

Question 46

What does Evans say (AO3)

Answer 46

Race isn't only factor. Black - focus on culture and ethnicity White - focus on class for research

Question 47

What % of people say they have some feeling of racial prejudice

Answer 47

30%

Question 48

What do post modernists say about cultures.

Answer 48

Not all the same and not as important in having a low-self esteem