3.1 - Class (Differential achievement in education) Flashcards

1
Q

Stats to prove that social class impacts educational achievement

A

60% of people NOT eligible for free school meals achieved A*-C at GCSE but only 33% of those who ARE eligible got 5 GCSEs

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2
Q

What is the cultural deprivation theory?

A

WC families fail to raise their children adequately.

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3
Q

3 aspects of cultural deprivation theory (external)

A

Cognitive development
Linguistic deprivation
Attitudes and values (sub-culture)

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4
Q

What is cognitive development in the cultural deprivation theory?

A

WC kids don’t receive books or educational toys needed.

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5
Q

Who is involved in cognitive development and why?

A

Young and Bernstein - mother’s choice of toys affect development. MC toys encourage thinking and reasoning skills

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6
Q

Cognitive development in the cultural deprivation theory A03 (2)

A

Learning climate predicts a child’s intellectual development by 10 years old

Not just poverty but labelling, expectations (deterministic)

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7
Q

Name the 2 language

A

Restricted and elaborated

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8
Q

Who studies linguistic deprivation?

A

Bernstein

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9
Q

A03 linguistic deprivation (4)

A

Influences relationship with teacher

Bereiter and Engelmann - Language in WC homes is deficient so don’t develop needed language skills

Rosen - Creates a myth of superiority and generalises classes

Troyna and Williams - Language isn’t the problem but the teacher’s attitude towards it

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10
Q

What does Douglas think about subcultures impacting education?

A

WC parents don’t have a high value on education so they are less encouraging

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11
Q

……………… argues that WC subcultures have 4 main elements

A

Sugarman

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12
Q

What are the 4 elements Sugarman thinks WC subcultures have? Describe them

A

Fatalism - Can’t change it

Collectivism - Being part of a group is better than individual success

Immediate gratification - Go straight to low paying jobs

Present time orientation - seeing the present, not future so mess in class

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13
Q

AO3 - attitudes and values for cultural deprivation (3)

A

De Franja - MC kids have pushy parents

Blackstone and Mortimer - WC parents work long and irregular hours and they lack academic knowledge

Keddie - Child can’t be deprived of their own culture

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14
Q

Name the 3 main external theories for class

A

Cultural deprivation theory
Material deprivation theory
Cultural capital theory

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15
Q

What is the material deprivation theory?

A

Lack of material necessities such as housing.

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16
Q

3 sections of material deprivation theory

A

Housing
Hidden cost of education
Diet

17
Q

Describe housing - material deprivation theory

A

Douglas thinks there is a link.

Not quiet, damp, cold, ect

18
Q

Describe diet - material deprivation theory

A

Howard - a poor diet leads to poor educational performance and health -> poor attendance

19
Q

Describe hidden cost of education - material deprivation theory

A

Bull - bus fare to school, laptop, stationary

20
Q

AO3 - material deprivation theory (2)

A

Robinson - ending child poverty would be the most effective way to increase achievement

Never be equal - private school, buy extra resources

21
Q

Who created the Cultural Capital Theory?

22
Q

What is the Cultural Capital Theory?

A

Knowledge, attitudes and values of people

23
Q

Give 4 examples of cultural capital

A

Museums / cultural trips
Concerts
Books
Social events

24
Q

Cultural Capital Theory AO3 (3)

A

Sullivan - Complex fiction and tv documentaries - more likely to do better at GCSE

Robertson - Visit zoos, museums, theatre improve change of success

Not just external factor - also influence relationship with teacher

25
What is social capital?
Network and relationships of a person
26
What can cultural capital lead to?
The halo effect
27
What is the halo effect?
Viewed more positively as have ideal characteristics
28
Name 3 main sections of internal factors
Labelling theory Self fulfilling prophecy Subculture
29
Give 1 example of the labelling theory with a description
Hargreaves - sets and streams Develop an anti-school subculture so labelled as a failure. (WC in low sets). Achieve status and success in eyes of students
30
Labelling theory AO3 (2)
Hollingworth and Williams - MC pupils don't have one type of subculture (sporty, goth, hippie) Mirza - Labelling of black female students. Reject their label and do better than expected
31
What is the self fulfilling prophecy?
A prediction that comes true by believing that it will.
32
Who did the experiment on the self fufilling prophecy?
Rosenthal and Jacobsen
33
What did Rosenthal and Jacobsen do? Effect?
Say that 5 random students were late bloomers and they did better in the end of year test. Pygmalion effect
34
What is the Pygmalion effect?
A higher expectation leads to increased academic performance.
35
AO3 - self fulfilling prophecy
Support effect of streaming - raise attainment in top grades but do worse in lower
36
What 2 words did Lacey use the concept of for subcultures? Define them
Differentiation - teacher categorises pupils based on ability, attitude and behaviour Polarisation - Pupils respond to streaming by developing an anti-school subculture
37
AO3 - Subculture
Labelling alone can't explain underachievement
38
What does Ball think about streaming?
Mixed ability groups prevents polarisation.