Superficial structures of Neck: Cervical Regions

Question 1

Lateral region of neck

Answer 1

Anterior: Posterior border of SCM
Posterior: Anterior border traapezius
Superior: Merging of SCM and trap
Inferior: clavicle (between SCM and trapezius)
roof: investing layer of deep cervical fascia
platysma
floor: muscles covered by prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 2

anterior region of neck

Answer 2

anterior: median line of neck
posterior: anterior border of SCM
superior: inferior border of mandible
inferior: superior sternum
roof: subcutaneous tissue
platysma
floor: pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland

Question 3

platysma origin

Answer 3

inferior border of mandible, skin and subcutaneous tissue of lower face

Question 4

platysma insertion

Answer 4

fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

Question 5

platysma innervation

Answer 5

cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 6

platysma action

Answer 6

draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it: sadness and fright
draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched: tension

Question 7

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) origin

Answer 7

lateral surface if mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

Question 8

SCM insertion

Answer 8

sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle

Question 9

SCM innervation

Answer 9

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI (motor))

C2, C3: pain and proprioception

Question 10

SCM action

Answer 10

unilateral contraction: lateral flexion of neck and rotates it so face is turned superiorly to opposite
bilateral contraction: extends neck at a-o joints; flexes cervical vertebrae so chin approaches manubrium; extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forwar while head kept level
with cervical vertebrae fixed: may elevate manubrium and medial end of clavicles, assisting pump handle action of deep respiration

Question 11

spinal accessory nerve

Answer 11

CN XI
passes deep to SCM, supplying it
enters lateral cervical region at or inferior ti junction of superior and middle thirds of posterior border of SCM
passes posteroinferiorly running on levator scapulae from which it is separated by prevertebral layer of fascia
disappears deep to anterior border of trapezius then enters muscle

Question 12

brachial plexus

Answer 12

roots: anterior rami of C5- C8 and T1 appear between anterior and middle scalene musce
5 rami to 3 trunks (superior middle, inferior)
descend inferolaterally through lateral cervical region
passes through 1st rib, clavicle, and superior border of scapula (cortico axillary canal) to enter axilla, innervating upper limbs

Question 13

suprascapular nerve

Answer 13

arises from superior trunk brachial plexus
runs across lateral cervical region to supply supraspinatus and infraspinatus
also articular branches to glenohumeral joint

Question 14

cervical plexus

Answer 14

anterior rami C1-C4
anteromedial to levator scapulae and middle scalene muscle, deep to SCM
superficial branches-> posterior-> cutaneous
deep: anteromedially: motor

Question 15

nerve point of neck

Answer 15

middle of posterior border o SCM
cutaneous branches of cervical plexus emerge, supply skin of anterolateral neck, superolateral thoracic wall and scalp between auricle and eop

Question 16

branches of cervical plexus from nerve loop between anterior rami of C2 and C3

Answer 16

lesser occipital nerve: C2: skin of neck and scalp posterosuperior to auricle
great auricular nerve: C2 and C3: ascending vertically across SCM onto parotid gland, where divides and supplies skin and sheath of gland, posterior aspect of auricle, and angle of mandible and mastoid process
transverse cervical nerv: C2, C3: skin covering anterior cervical region, nerve curves around middle of posterior border of SCM and passers anteriorly and horizontally across it, deep to EJV and platysma

Question 17

supraclavicular nerves

Answer 17

C3 and C4
arise from loop of cervical plexus between C3 and C4 anterior rami
supply skin of shoulder
branches of dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve (supplies serratus anterior)

Question 18

phrenic nerves

Answer 18

from C4, but contributions from C3, C5
motor, sensory, and sympathetic nerve fibers
motor supply to diaphragm and sensation
mediastinal pleura and pericardium
anterior scalene muscle at level of superior border of thyroid cartilage

Question 19

external jugular vein

Answer 19

EJV
begins near angle of mandible crosses SCM obliquely, descends to inferior part of lateral cervical region and continues as subclavian vein

Question 20

accessory phrenic nerve

Answer 20

lateral to main one

Question 21

subclavian vein

Answer 21

cant read

Question 22

brachiocephalic vein

Answer 22

cant read

Question 23

suprascapular artery

Answer 23

arises from cervicodorsal trunk or directly from subclavian artery
inferomedially across anterior scalene muscle and phrenic nerve
passes posterior to clavicle to supply muscles on posterior aspect of scapula

Question 24

occipital artery

Answer 24

branch of external cervical

supplies posterior half of scalp

Question 25

anterior scalene origin

Answer 25

anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C6

Question 26

anterior scalene insertion

Answer 26

`1st rib

Question 27

anterior scalene innervation

Answer 27

cervical spinal nerves c4-c6

Question 28

anterior scalene action

Answer 28

flexes neck laterally, elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

Question 29

middle scalene origin

Answer 29

post5erior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C7

Question 30

middle scalene insertion

Answer 30

superior surface of 1st rib, posterior to groove for subclavian artery

Question 31

middle scalene innervation

Answer 31

anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

Question 32

middle scalene action

Answer 32

flexes neck laterally

elevates 1st rib during forced respiration

Question 33

posterior scalene origin

Answer 33

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4- C6

Question 34

posterior scalene insertion

Answer 34

external border of second rib

Question 35

posterior scalene innervation

Answer 35

anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8

Question 36

posterior scalene action

Answer 36

flexes neck laterally, elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration

Question 37

muscles of floor of triangle

Answer 37

middle scalene, posterior scale, levator scapulae splenius capitis