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Gross > Muscles and Fascia of Hand > Flashcards

Muscles and Fascia of Hand Flashcards

0
Q

numbering of metacarpals and phalanges

A

1 to 5, beginning with the thumb and ending with little finger

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1
Q

skeleton of the hand

A

carpals in the wrist, metacarpals in the hand proper, phalanges in the fingers

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2
Q

palmar aspect of hand features central concavity that separates two eminences

A

lateral, more prominent thenar eminence at the base of the thumb
medial, smaller, hypothenar eminence proximal to the base of the 5th finger

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3
Q

fascia of palm

A

continuous with antebrachial fascia and fascia of dorsum of hand
thin over thenar and hypothenar eminences, but thivk centrally where it forms fibrous palmar aponeurosis and in the fingers where it forms the digital sheaths

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4
Q

palmar aponeurosis

A

strong, well defined part of deep fascia of palm
covers soft tissues and overlies long flexor tendons
poximal end or apex: continuous with the flexor retinaculum and the palmaris longus tendon
distal to apex: forms four longitudinal digital bands that radiate from the apex and attach distally to the bases of the proximal phalanges, where they become continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths

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5
Q

fibrous digital sheaths

A

ligamentous tubes that enclose flexor tendons and synovial sheaths that surround them as they pass along the palmar aspect of their respective digit

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6
Q

medial fibrous septum

A

extends deeply from medial border of palmar aponeurosis to the 5th metacarpal

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7
Q

hypothenar compartment

A

medial to septum

contains hypothenar muscles

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8
Q

lateral fibrous septum

A

extends deeply from the lateral border of the palmar aponeurosis to the 3rd metacarpal

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9
Q

thenar compartment

A

lateral to lateral fibrous septum

contains thenar muscles

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10
Q

central compartment

A

between hypothenar and thenar compartments

contains flexor tendons and their sheaths, lumbrical muscles, superficial arterial arch and digital vessels and nerves

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11
Q

adductor compartment

A

deepest muscular plane of the palm

contains adductor pollicis

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12
Q

two potential spaces

A

between flexor tends and fascia covering deep palmar muscles
thenar space and midpalmar space
bounded by fibrous septa passing from edges of palmar aponeurosis to metacarpals
between two spaces is lateral fibrous septum, attached to 3rd metacarpal
midpalmar space continuous with anterior compartment of forearm via carpal tunnel

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13
Q

five compartments of intrinsic muscles of hand

A 
thenar compartment
hypothenar compartment
adductor compartment
central compartment
interosseous compartments
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14
Q

muscles in thenar compartment

A

thenar muscles

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis

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15
Q

muscles in hypothenar compartment

A

hypothenar muscles
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi

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16
Q

muscle in adductor compartment

A

adductor pollicis

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17
Q

central compartment contents

A

lumbricals: short muscles of hand

with long flexor tendons

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18
Q

interosseous compartments

A

contain interossei in separate ones between the metacarpals

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19
Q

thenar muscles chiefly responsible for

A

opposition of thumb

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20
Q

freedom of movement of thumb results from

A

1st metacarpal being independent

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21
Q

abduction of thumb

A

APL and abductor pollicis brevis

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22
Q

adduction of thumb

A

adductor pollicis and 1st dorsal interosseous

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23
Q

extension of thumb

A

EPL, EPB and APL

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24
Q

flexion of thumb

A

FPL and flexor pollicis brevis

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25
Q

opposition of thumb

A

opponens pollicis

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26
Q

opposition occurs at

A

carpometacarpal joint of thumb
begins with thumb in extended position and initially involves abduction and medial rotation of1st metacarpal: opponens pollicis and then flexion at metacarpophalangeal joint
reinforcing action of AD and FPL increases pressure

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27
Q

palmarisbrevis in hypothenar einence

A

small muscle in subcutaneous issue
wrinkles the skin, deepeing the hollow of the palm, thereby aiding the palmar grip
covers and protects the ulnar nerve and artery
attached proximally to the medial border of the palmar aponeurosis and to the skin on the medial border of the hand

28
Q

short muscles of hand

A

four slender lubrical muscles
four dorsal interosseous: DAB
three palmar interosseous: on palmar surfaces of 2nd 4th and 5th metacarpals: PAD

29
Q

opponens policis origin

A

flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

30
Q

opponens pollicis insertion

A

lateral side of 1st metacarpal

31
Q

opponnens pollicis innervation

A

recurrent branch of median nerve

C8, T1

32
Q

opponens pollicis action

A

to oppose thumb, it draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially

33
Q

abductor pollicis brevis origin

A

flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

34
Q

abductor pollicis brevis insertion

A

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

35
Q

abductor pollicis brevis innervation

A

recurrent branch of media nerve

C8, T1

36
Q

abductor pollicis brevis action

A

abducts thumb, helps oppose it

37
Q

flexor pollicis brevis origin

A

flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

38
Q

flexor policis brevis insertion

A

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

39
Q

flexor pollicis brevis innervation

A

superficial head: recurrent branch of median nerve
C8, T1
deep head: deep branch of ulnar nerve
C8, T1

40
Q

flexor pollicis brevis action

A

flexes thumb

41
Q

adductor policis origin

A

oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, adjacent carpals
transverse head: anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal

42
Q

adductor pollicis insertion

A

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

43
Q

adductor pollicis innervation

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

C8, T1

44
Q

adductor pollicis action

A

adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm

45
Q

abductor digiti minimi origin

A

pisiform

46
Q

abductor digiti minim insertion

A

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger

47
Q

abductor digiti minimi innervation

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve c8, T1

48
Q

abductor digiti minimi action

A

abducts 5th finger, assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx

49
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis origin

A

hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

50
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion

A

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger

51
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

C8, T1

52
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis action

A

flexes proximal phalanx of 5th finger

53
Q

opponens digiti minimi origin

A

hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

54
Q

opponens digiti minimi insertion

A

medial border of 5th metacarpal

55
Q

opponens digiti minimi innervation

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

C8, T1

56
Q

opponens digiti minimi action

A

draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th finger into opposition with thumb

57
Q

lumbricals origin

A

1 and 2: lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles)
3 and 4: medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate muscles)

58
Q

lumbricals insertion

A

lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd-5th fingers

59
Q

lumbricals innervation

A

1 and 2: median nerve (C8, T1)

3 and 4: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

60
Q

lumbricals action

A

flex metacarpophalangeal joints

extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd to 5th fingers

61
Q

dorsal interossei 1-4 origin

A

adjacent sides of two metacarpals (as bipennate muscles)

62
Q

dorsal interossei insertion

A

bases of proximal phalanges

extensor expansions of 2nd to 4th fingers

63
Q

dorsal interossei innervation

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve: C8, T1

64
Q

dorsal interossei action

A

abduct 2nd to 4th fingers from axial line

act with lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and etending interphalangeal joints

65
Q

palmar interossei 1-3 origin

A

palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals (as unipennate muscles)

66
Q

palmar interossei insertion

A

bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th and 5th fingers

67
Q

palmar interossei innervation

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve C8, T1

68
Q

palmar interossei action

A

adduct 2nd, 4th and 5th fingers toward axial line

assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints

Gross (31 decks)

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