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DMSO > Anatomy Power Point > Flashcards

Anatomy Power Point Flashcards

1
Q

Liver

A

Largest organ in body

located in right hypochondrium, epigastrium and left hypochondrium

inferior to the diaphragm

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2
Q

Liver location

A

posterior border in contact with right kidney and inferior vena cava

aorta lies posterior to the left lobe

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3
Q

Subphrenic space

A

between liver and diaphragm

common site for abscess formation

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4
Q

right subhepatic space

A

includes morrison’s pouch, a common space for periotoneal fluid or blood to collect

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5
Q

pancreas location

A

inferior to the left lobe of the liver

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6
Q

Gall Bladder

A

lies on the visceral surface of the liver

Main lobar fissure is the sonographic landmark leading to the fossa

seen as an echogenic line that runs from the right portal vein to the gallbladder

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7
Q

Lobes of the liver

A

Right

left

Caudate

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8
Q

Right liver lobe

RLL

A

largest of 3 lobes

contains 3 fossae

Congenital variant, Riedels lobe

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9
Q

RLL fossae

A

porta hepatis

gallbladder

inferior vena cava

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10
Q

RLL Reidels Lobe

A

sometimes seen as an anterior projectoin of the liver

sometimes extending down the iliac crest

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11
Q

Left Liver Love

LLL

A

Size varies from patient to patient

men seem to have smaller lobe

found just under the xiphoid process

if larger makes great acoustic window for pancreas and aorta

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12
Q

Caudate Lobe

CL

A

small lobe

situated inferior to the ligamentum venosum

superior to the inferior vena cava

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13
Q

Liver Ligaments and fissures

A

Main Lobar fissure

LIgamentum Teres

Ligamentum venosum

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14
Q

Main lobar fissure

A

boundry between right and left lobes of liver

on longitudinal scan may be seen as a hyperechoic line extending from portal vein to neck of gallbladder

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15
Q

ligamentum teres

A

appears as bright echogenic triangle on transverse scan

separates the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe of the liver

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16
Q

ligamentum venosum

A

appears as hyperechoic line separating the left lobe from the caudate lobe

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17
Q

Liver Vascular supply

A

Portal venous system

Main portal vein

18
Q

portal venous system

A

supplies 80% of blood flow to the liver from the digestive system

flow should be toward the liver-hepatopetal (toward the liver)

19
Q

Main Portal Vein

MPV

A

enters the liver at the portahepatis

divides into the right and left portal veins

RPV and LPV

20
Q

Right Portal vein

RPV

A

largest portal vein

further divides into anterior and posterior branches

21
Q

Hepatic Veins

A

drain blood from the liver back inot the IVC

3 components: Right RHV, Middle MHV and Left LHV

can be distinguished from the portal veins by lackj of bright walls

22
Q

Hepatic Arteries

A

Supplies blood to liver (20%)

branch of the celiac artery from the aorta

23
Q

Liver functions

A

metabolism-carbs and protein

Digestion

storage

detoxification

24
Q

Liver Function Tests

LFT

A

AST

ALT

LDH

Alk phos

Bilibrubin

PT

Albumin

Globulins

25
Q

Liver scanning

A

TGC adjusted to balance near and far echos

overall gain-adjusted to adequatley penetrate the entire right lobe and a smooth homogeneous pattern

depth posterior right lobe positioned at the lower border of screen

focuses near the posterior border

transducer freq. Avg adult 2.5-5MHz, pediatric 5-7MHz

26
Q

Liver Scanning evaluation

A

size in the longitudinal plane

attentuation of the parechyma

texture

presence of hepatic vascular structures, ligaments and fissures

27
Q

Gallbladder

A

should be anechoic with wall thickness less than 3mm

no fluid between wall and liver

28
Q

Gall Bladder pathology

A

polyps

gallstones

tumors

thick walls with fluid around

sludge

all of above

29
Q

Pancreas

A

Head, body, tail, uncinate process

seen in transverse scan

GDA and CBD lelineate the lateral border of the head

splenic vein delineates the posterior border

sometimes see pancreatic duct

normal is 2mm or less

30
Q

Kidney

A

Cortex

Hilum

pyramids

calyx

31
Q

Cortex

A

outer parenchyma of kidney

32
Q

Hilum

A

midportion of the kidney

renal vessels and ureter enter and exit

33
Q

Pyramids

A

convey urine to the minor calyces

34
Q

Calyx

A

part of the collecting system that collects urine

may become obstructed

35
Q

Kidney Function

A

excretes waste

regulates composition of the blood by filtration of harmful wastes, conserving water and metabolites in the body

36
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney

37
Q

Kidney normal texture and pattern

A

smooth outer contours surrounded by perirenal fat

echogenicity is equal (isoechoic) to or hypoechoic to the liver/spleen

important to include these organs to compare echogenicity

should not be any fluid present

38
Q

Kidney lab tests

A

BUN Blood urea nitrogen

Creatinine

measure the amount of nitrogenous wastes

waste products accumulate in blood when kidneys are not functioning properly

39
Q

Kidney imaging

A

always bilateral exam

nephrectomy-long and trvs image of the renal fossa looking for fluid collection

patiens should be hydrated

liver and spleen used and window

deep inspiration will allow approx 2 cm downward shift of kidneys for better visualization

start with RT longitudinal lateral-median then transverse sup-inferior making sure to scan beyond outer contours

40
Q

Spleen

A

part of the reticuloendothelial system

synthesis of blood proteins

largest mass of lymphoid tissue in body

active in blood formation during initial part of fetal life

blood formation function decreases gradually by 5-6th month when spleen assumes its adult characterisitics

plays important role in defense of the body

affected by systemic disease, rarely the cause

41
Q

Spleen physical description

A

variable in size and shape

smooth borders with a convex superior and concave inferior surface

mormal measurements are 8-13 cm

DMSO (22 decks)

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