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Pathology > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

0
Q

Difference between lymphocytosis and neutrophilia

A

Neutrophilia is increase in only PMCs (neutrophils). Seen in bacterial infections and injury. Lymphocytosis is an absolute increase in lymphocytes. Seen in viral infections.

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1
Q

Endogenous pyrogens

A

IL-1, TNF-a

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2
Q

Red infarct occur in

A

Loose tissue
Liver, lung, intestines
Following reperfusion

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3
Q

Pale infarct occur in

A

Solid tissue
With single blood supply
Heart, kidney, spleen

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4
Q

Causes bacterial chemotaxis

A 
C5a
IL-8
LeukotrieneB4
Kallikrein 
(cilk)
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5
Q

Granulomatous disease

A 
Th1 secrete 
Gamma interferon
Activate macrophage to secrete
TNFa
Induces granuloma formation
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6
Q

Two types of selectins and their mediators

A

P selectins from Weibel Palade bodies and histamine

E selectins from TNF and IL1

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7
Q

Selectins bind

A

Sialyl Lewis X (on leukocytes)

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8
Q

CAM (cellular adhesion molecules) upregulated

A

by TNF & IL1

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9
Q

Adhesion mediated by

A

CAM and integrins

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10
Q

Integrins regulated by

A

C5a and

LTB4

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11
Q

Leukocyte adhesion defect

Caused by

Symptoms

A

By autosomal recessive defect of integrin CD18 subunit

Delayed separation of umbilical cord
Recurrent bacterial infections lack pus formation
Increased circulating neutrophils

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12
Q

Opsonins mediated by

A

IgG and c3b

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13
Q

Symptoms of chediak higashi syndrome

A

Impaired phagolysosome formation

Increased pyogenic infections
Neutropenia
Giant granules in leukocytes
Albinisim
Defective primary hemostasis
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14
Q

Oxygen dependent killing

Four step conversion

A

Oxygen to superoxide to hydrogen peroxide to bleach

O2, o2–, h2o2, HOCl

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15
Q

Mediators of bleach formation

A

NADPH converts o2 to superoxide

SOD(superoxide dismutase) converts to h2o2

Myeloperoxidase converts to HOCl

16
Q

NADPH oxidase defect causes

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

17
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease suspectable to

A

Catalase+ infections

S. Aureus 
Pseudonomas cepacia
S. Marcescens
Nocardia
Aspergillus

Catalase breaks down H2O2 therefore no bleach

18
Q

Second activation signal for CD4

A

B7 on apc binds CD28 on CD4

7x4=28

19
Q

Th1 express what complements?

A 
IL2 (T cell growth factor and cd8 activator)
 and IFNgamma (activates macrophages)
20
Q

Th2 complements

A

IL4: class switch to IgG and IgE

IL5: eosinophile chemotaxis, B maturation into plasma cells, class switch to IgA

IL10: inhibits Th1 subtype

21
Q

CD8 second signal

A

IL2 from CD4 Th1

22
Q

Naive B cells express

A

IgM and IgD

23
Q

B cell activation primary signal

A

B cell apc presentation to cd4 via MHC II

24
Q

B cell activation secondary signal

A

CD40 on B cell binds CD40L on helper T

Causes secretion of IL4&5

Leading to class switch and maturation

Pathology (24 decks)

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