Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection & Immunology > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four hallmark signs you might see in a Typical pneumonia patient

A

Chills, cough, fever, and SOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who is most at risk for a community acquired pneumonia

A

Elderly, black, men,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Factors within the host that predispose them to CAP

A

alcohol/smoking, COPD, Hypoxeia, acidosis, malnutrition, bronchial obstruction
Drugs-H2 blockers, ACE blockers, glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name 3 examples of pathogens causing typical CAP

A

Strep. pneumonia, staph aureas, Hemophilis influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name 3 examples of pathogens causing atypical CAP

A

mycoplasma pneumononia
chlamydia pneumonia
Legionella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which patient population would you typically see Hemophilus influenza

A

common in older patients with COPD or Cystic Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the bacterial charecteristics of hemophilus influenza

A

small, pleomorphic, gram - rods
facultatively anaerobic
nonmotile & oxidase +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how would you treat Hemophilis influenza

A

beta-lactam agents (amoxicillin) preferred otherwise azithromycin, fluroquinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mycoplasma pneumonia; which pt population is most susceptible

A

younger than 40, in close contact with others-PTP schools, military

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the charecteristics of mycoplasma pneumonia

A

neither gram + or - *no cell wall, smallest organism that can survive alone… aerobic & anaerobic, adhere to host and glide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what atypical features would you see with mycoplasma pneumonia

A

gradual onset, headache, malaise, low-grade fever,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how would you treat mycoplasma pneumonia

A

macrolides (azithromycin) or fluroquinolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which pt population would you expect to find Legionella spp

A

adults who have traveled within the last two weeks, been surrounded by misty environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the charecteristics of Legionella

A

gram - bacilli, aerobic (grow on special media)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the atypical features associated with Legionella

A

high fever, GI problems and the usual 4 symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how would you treat Legionella

A

macrolides (azithromycin) or fluoroquinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

chlamydia pneumonia ; describe pt population

A

mildly ill, not necessarily winter time, close to virulent factors (care facilities/military)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe charecteristics of the chlamydia pneumonia

A

obligate, intracellular bacteria. 2nd smallest.

no peptidoglycan cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the atypical features of chlamydia pneumonia

A

usual plus gradual onset, pharyngitis, hoarseness (wheezing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how would you tx chlamydia pneumonia

A

since its rarely dx, start with azithromycin… if documented however consider doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe pt population of strep pneumonia

A

not severly sick, but becoming sick in winter or early spring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe charecteristics of strep pneumonia

A

Strep. pneumonia- gram + aerobic, catalase -, alpha hemolytic. MOST COMMON CAUSE CAP! *adheres to epithelial cells of nasopharynx and forms bridges btw body sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Whats the most common cause of CAP worldwide

A

strep pneumonia

24
Q

how do you treat strep pneumonia

A

macrolides (azithromycin) or fluoroqunolone; or combine macrolide with beta-lactum (amoxicillin)

25
Q

describe Klebsiella pneumonia

A

*nosocomial altho can be CAP in alcoholics, diabetics, or COPD

26
Q

what is the pt population of Klebsiella

A

typically severe and within ICU

27
Q

describe charecteristics of Klebsiella pneumonia

A

gram - bacilli , clear capsule

28
Q

what are 3 examples of infrequent pneumonia

A

e-coli, enterobacter spp. pseudomonas aeroginosa

29
Q

what are the signs of Klebsiella pneumonia

A

fever, cough, bloody sputum “currant jelly”, leukocytes, and crackles

30
Q

list 3 viral pathogens that cause CAP pneumonia

A

influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus

SARS (Asia), MERS-CoV

31
Q

what is a unique characteristic of ____that differentiates it from a bacterial pneumonia

A

typically start with UR symptoms….

32
Q

What studies would u obtain and expected findings?

A

PA & lateral chest xray-infiltrate.

CBC-WBC 15-30,000

33
Q

what differentiates bronchitis from pneumonia

A

-wheezing/rales, possible mucus, won’t see infiltrate on xray or as much raised WBC

34
Q

describe bronchiolitis

A

usually in kids < 2 yrs. characterized by UR symptoms followed by LR infection resulting in wheezing/crackles

35
Q

Pertussis

A

whooping cough

36
Q

TB

A

serious

37
Q

histoplasmosis

A

fungal infection from bat droppings

38
Q

Pt has dullness to percussion, decreased breath sounds, rales, and pleural rub incidacting

A

bronchitis

39
Q

Macrolides ONLY act as bacteriocidal agents to strep pneumo otherwise they are

A

bacteriostatic

40
Q

chlamydia pneumonia causes both:

A

pneumonia and bronchitis

41
Q

Describe the unique atypical characteristic of chlamydia pneumonia

A

obligate intracellular parasite.

42
Q

how would u rx acute bronchitis in COPD pts which is not successful in chronic bronchitis

A

Bronchodilaters, corticosterioids and Abx if bacteria…. altho usually viral.

43
Q

how to treat bronchitis in healthy pt

A

treat cough (anti-tussives), airflow humidifier, and steroids to reduce inflammation

44
Q

describe the history of SARS

A

originated in asia, coronavirus jumped from cat to man

45
Q

Describe MERS-CoV

A

Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome, coronavirus.

46
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

fungal RI from bat droppings.

47
Q

Most common cause of bronchiolitis

A

Respiratory Synctial Virus and adenovirus

48
Q

This disease is associated with nasal flaring, tachypnea, accessory muscle use and grunting to breath

A

bronchiolitis

49
Q

Which stage does the actual whooping in pertussis occur?

A

the 2nd of three known as paroxysmal stage

50
Q

describe the catarrhal stage of pertussis

A

lots of coughing at night becomes diurnal

51
Q

convalescent stage of pertussis would be described as:

A

decrease in cough, but still sick.

52
Q

list the 3 stages in pertussis

A

Cattarrhal stage, Paroxysmal and convalescent

53
Q

The DTap vaccine is used prophylactically against

A

pertussis

54
Q

What area of lungs most affected by TB

A

top, apices of lungs in a military pattern

55
Q

histoplasmosis is treated with this drug that has terrible side effects

A

amphotericin

56
Q

Pneumocystosis (P jiroveci) is a major cause of death for this pt population when not on prophylaxic tx

A

AID’s up to 80%

Fatal

57
Q

Fungal respiratory infections

A

pneumocystosis, coiccidomycosis, histoplasmosis

Infection & Immunology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions