26 - 50 Flashcards
Which of the following water-soluble vitamins must be consumed on a daily basis?
A) Vitamins A and C
B) Vitamins A, D, E, and K
C) Vitamins B complex and C
D) Vitamins A, B complex, D, and K
C. Vitamins B complex and C
Vitamins C and B complex are water-soluble and must be consumed on a regular basis as excess amounts are excreted.
Water soluble vitamins are found in fruits, broccoli, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, whole grain bread, cereals and organic meats.
They serve as antioxidants as well as coenzymes in carbohydrate metabolism, metabolic pathways, amino acid metabolism, and nucleic acid metabolism.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the psychological benefits of regular exercise in the elderly?
A) Self-concept
B) Life satisfaction
C) Stimulate appetite
D) Self-efficacy
C. Stimulate appetite isn’t a benefit of regular exercise.
All of the other options are benefits of regular exercise in the elderly.
What is angina pectoris?
A) Discomfort associated with myocardial ischemia
B) Discomfort associated with hypertension
C) Discomfort associated with heartburn
D) Discomfort associated with papillary necrosis
A. Discomfort associated with myocardial ischemia
Angina pectoris is a heart-related chest pain caused by ischemia, which is insufficient blood flow that results from a temporary or permanent reduction of blood flow in one or more coronary arteries.
Angina-like symptoms often are felt in the chest area, neck, shoulder, or arm.
To determine program effectiveness, psychological theories provide a conceptual framework for assessment and _____.
A) Management of programs or interventions
B) Application of cognitive-behavioral or motivational principles
C) Measurement
D) All of the above
B. Application of cognitive-behavioral or motivational principles
Psychological theories are the foundation for effective use of strategies and techniques of effective counseling and motivational skill building for exercise adoption and maintenance.
Theories provide a conceptual framework for development, rather than management of programs or interventions.
Psychological theories facilitate evaluation of program effectiveness, not just measurement of outcomes.
Information gathered by way of an appropriate health screening allows the personal trainer to develop specific exercise programs that are appropriate to the individual needs and goals of the client. This is called the _____.
A) Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)
B) Heart rate (HR)
C) Exercise prescription
D) Graded exercise test (GXT)
A. PAR-Q
A well-designed health screening provides the exercise leader or HFS with information that can lead to identification of those individuals for whom exercise is contraindicated.
From that information, a proper exercise prescription also can be developed.
The PAR-Q is a commonly used health screening tool.
A GXT can be useful to measure the HR response.
To maximize safety during a physical fitness assessment, which of the following items should be addressed?
A) Hospital emergency room contact information
B) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training of the assessment administrator
C) Emergency plan
D) All of the above
D. All of the above
Regularly scheduled practices of responses to emergency situations, including a minimum of one announced and one unannounced drill, should take place.
Emergency plans should include written, posted emergency plans, and posted emergency numbers.
Contact information for the nearest hospital emergency room may be included in the emergency plan.
Maintenance of certifications, such as CPR training, is an accepted professional practice.
HR can be measured by counting the number of pulses in a specified time period at one of several locations, including the radial and carotid arteries. Which of the following is a special precaution when taking the carotid pulse?
A) When the HR is measured by palpation, the first two fingers should be used and not the thumb, because the thumb has its own pulse.
B) HR taken during exercise sometimes exceed 200 bpm, making it too difficult to count at the carotid artery.
C) If the HR is taken at the carotid artery, do not press too hard or a reflex slowing of the heart can occur and cause dizziness.
D) The HR should never be taken at the carotid artery.
C. If the HR is taken at the carotid artery, do not press too hard or a reflex slowing of the heart can occur and cause dizziness.
If HR is taken at the carotid artery, take care not to press too hard or a reflex slowing of the heart may occur and cause dizziness.
Using the thumb to count the carotid pulse may result in an inaccurate count, but this is less of a safety concern than causing dizziness by pressing too hard.
HR exceeding 200 bpm are no more difficult to count at the carotid artery than at other sites.
When exercise training children, _____.
A) Exercise programs should increase physical fitness in the short term and strength and power in the long term.
B) Strength training should be avoided for safety reasons
C) Increasing the rate of training intensity more than approximately 10% per week increases the likelihood of overuse injuries of bone.
D) Children with exercise-induced asthma are often unable to lead active lives.
C. Increasing the rate of training intensity more than approximately 10% per week increases the likelihood of overuse injuries of bone.”
Which of the following risk factors for the development of CAD has the greatest likelihood of being influenced by regular exercise?
A) Smoking
B) Cholesterol
C) Type 1 diabetes
D) Hypertension
D. Hypertension
Regular exercise will decrease SBP and DBP.
Exercise has no effect on age and family history of heart disease.
And no direct effect on cigarette smoking, although some individuals may choose to quit smoking after beginning to exercise.
Regular endurance exercise does increase HDL but it has limited influence on total cholesterol.
Exercise has no direct effect on Type 1 diabetes but it can promote weight loss and improve glucose tolerance for those with Type 2 diabetes.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/type2diabetes.php
At minimum, professionals performing fitness assessments on others should possess which combination of the following?
A) CPR and American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Certified Personal Trainer (CPT)
B) Advanced cardiac life support and ACSM Health Fitness Specialist (HFS)
C) Advanced cardiac life support and ACSM Clinical Exercise Specialist
A. CPR and ACSM CPT
At minimum, professionals performing fitness assessments on others should possess CPR and ACSM CPT certification.
Which of the following components of the exercise prescription work inversely with each other?
A) Intensity and duration
B) Mode and intensity
C) Mode and duration
D) Mode and frequency
A. Intensity and duration
Intensity and duration of exercise must be considered together and are inversely related.
Similar improvements in aerobic fitness may be realized if a person exercises at a low intensity for a longer duration or at a higher intensity for less time.
“Which of the following types of muscle stretching can cause residual muscle soreness, is time consuming, and typically requires a partner?
A) Static
B) Ballistic
C) Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)
D) All of the above
C. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)
PNF stretching that alternates contraction and relaxation of both agonist and antagonist muscle groups.
This technique is effective but it can cause residual muscle soreness and is time consuming.
Additionally, a partner typically is required, and the potential for injury exists when the partner-assisted stretching is applied too vigorously.
Failure of a CPT to perform to a generally acceptable standard is called _____.
A) Malpractice
B) Malfeasance
C) Negligence
D) None of the above
C. Negligence
Negligence is the failure to perform on the level of a generally accepted standard.
Fitness professionals have certain documented and understood responsibilities to ensure the client’s safety and to succeed in reaching predetermined goals.
Most sedentary people who begin an exercise program are likely to stop within _____.
A) 1–2 d
B) 3–6 wk
C) 1 mo
D) 3–6 mo
D. 3–6 mo
Most sedentary people are not motivated to initiate exercise programs and, if exercise is initiated, they are likely to stop within 3–6 mo.
In general, participants in earlier stages benefit most from cognitive strategies, such as listening to lectures and reading books without the expectation of actually engaging in exercise, whereas individuals in later stages depend more on behavioral techniques, such as reminders to exercise and developing social support to help them establish a regular exercise habit and be able to maintain it.
Reasons for fitness testing of the older adult include _____.
A) Evaluation of progress
B) Exercise prescription
C) Motivation
D) All of the above
D. All of the above
Fitness testing is conducted in older adults for the same reasons as in younger adults, including exercise prescription, evaluation of progress, motivation, and education.
