51 - 75 Flashcards
If a client exercises too much without rest days or develops a minor injury and does not allow time for the injury to heal, what can occur?
A) An overuse injury
B) Shin splints
C) Sleep deprivation
D) Decreased physical conditioning
A. An overuse injury
Overuse injuries become more common when people participate in more cardiovascular exercise by increasing time, duration, or intensity too quickly.
A client exercises too much without time for rest and recovery or develops a minor injury and does not reduce or change that exercise allowing the injury to heal.
The ACSM recommends that exercise intensity be prescribed within what percentage of oxygen uptake reserve (O2maxR) range?
A) 30% and 50%
B) 50% and 70%
C) 40%–60% and 89%
D) 75% and 100%
The ACSM recommends that exercise intensity be prescribed within a range of 64%–70% and 94% of HRmax or between 40%–60% and 89% of oxygen uptake reserve (O2maxR).
Lower intensities will elicit a favorable response in individuals with very low fitness levels.
Because of the variability in estimating HRmax from age, it is recommended that, whenever possible, an actual HRmax from a GXT be used.
Factors to consider when determining appropriate exercise intensity include age, fitness level, medications, overall health status, and individual goals.
The ACSM recommends how many repetitions (reps) of each exercise for muscular strength and endurance?
A) 5–6 reps
B) 8–12 reps
C) 12–20 reps
D) More than 20 reps
B. 8–12
The ACSM recommends that one set of 8–12 reps of each exercise should be performed to volitional fatigue for healthy individuals.
Choose a range of reps between 3 and 20 (i.e., 3–5, 8–10, 10–15) that can be performed at a moderate rep duration (~3 s concentric, ~3 s eccentric) based on age, fitness level, assessment, and ability.
The ACSM recommends exercising each muscle group 2–3 nonconsecutive days per week.
Which of the following are changes seen as a result of regular chronic exercise?
A) Decreased HR at rest
B) Increased stroke volume at rest
C) No change in CO at rest
D) All of the above
D. All of the above
The effects of regular (chronic) exercise can be classified or grouped into those that occur at rest, during moderate (or submaximal) exercise, and during maximal effort work.
While assessing the behavioral changes associated with an exercise program, which of the following would be categorized under the cognitive process of the Transtheoretical Model?
A) Stimulus control
B) Reinforcement management
C) Self re-evaluation
D) Self-liberation
C. Self re-evaluation
Key components of the Transtheoretical Model are the processes of behavioral change.
These processes include five cognitive processes:
- consciousness raising
- dramatic relief
- environmental reevaluation
- self re-evaluation
- social liberation
Also five behavioral processes:
- counterconditioning
- helping relationships
- reinforcement management
- self-liberation
- stimulus control
Fitness assessment is an important aspect of the training program because it provides information for which of the following?
A) Developing the exercise prescription
B) Evaluating proper nutritional choices
C) Diagnosing musculoskeletal injury
D) Developing appropriate billing categories
A. Developing the exercise prescription
The purpose of the fitness assessment is to develop a proper exercise prescription (the data collected through appropriate fitness assessments assist the HFS:
In developing safe, effective programs of exercise based on the individual client’s current fitness status)
To evaluate the rate of progress (baseline and follow-up testing indicate progression toward fitness goals)
To motivate (fitness assessments provide information needed to develop reasonable, attainable goals).
Progress toward or attainment of a goal is a strong motivator for continued participation in an exercise program.
For individuals undertaking nonmedically supervised weight loss initiatives to reduce energy intake, the ACSM recommends weight loss of approximately?
A) 1–2 lb · wk−1 (0.5–1 kg)
B) 5–8 lb · wk−1 (2.3–4 kg)
C) 8–10 lb · wk−1 (4–4.5 kg)
D) 10–15 lb · wk−1 (4.5–7 kg)
A. 1–2 lb · wk−1 (0.5–1 kg)
The goal of the exercise component of a weight reduction program should be to maximize caloric expenditure.
Frequency, intensity, and duration must be manipulated in conjunction with a dietary regimen in an attempt to create a caloric deficit of 500–1,000 kcal · d−1.
The recommended maximal rate for weight loss is
1–2 lb · wk−1.
Which of the following assumes that a person will adopt appropriate health behaviors if he or she feels the consequences are severe and feel personally vulnerable?
A) Learning theories
B) Health Belief Model
C) Transtheoretical Model
D) Stages of Motivational Readiness”
B. Health Belief Model
The Health Belief Model is a theoretical framework to help explain and predict interventions to increase physical activity.
The model originated in the 1950s based on work by Rosenstock. Learning theories assume that an overall complex behavior arises from many small simple behaviors.
By reinforcing partial behaviors and modifying cues in the environment, it is possible to shape the desired behavior.
Identify the appropriate self-directed evaluation tool used as a quick health screening before beginning any exercise program.
A) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
B) Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE-Borg scale)
C) PAR-Q
D) Exercise Electrocardiogram (E-ECG)
C. PAR-Q
The PAR-Q is a screening tool for self-directed exercise programming.
The MMPI is a psychological scale.
The RPE-Borg scale is used to measure or to rate perceived exertion during exercise or during an exercise test.
E-ECG would involve continuous electrical heart monitoring during exercise stress test used in a clinical setting when deemed appropriate by a physician.
You have examined your patient’s health screening documents and obtained physiologic resting measurements and you decide to proceed with a single session of fitness assessments. Identify the recommended order of administration.
A) Flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and muscular fitness
B) Flexibility, body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness
C) Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and flexibility
C. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and flexibility
To get the best and most accurate information, the following order of testing is recommended:
resting measurements (e.g., HR, BP, blood analysis)
body composition
cardiorespiratory fitness
muscular fitness
flexibility
Implementing emergency procedures must include the fitness center’s _____.
A) Management
B) Staff
C) Clients
D) Management and staff
D. Management and staff
When an emergency or injury occurs, safe and effective management of the situation will assure the best care for the individual.
Implementing emergency procedures is an important part of the training of the staff.
In-services, safety plans, and emergency procedures should be a part of the staff training.
The fitness center management and staff all are included in the implementation of an emergency plan.
Which of the following is a possible medical emergency that a client can experience during an exercise session?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Hypotension
C) Hyperglycemia
D) All of the above
D. All of the above
Possible medical emergencies during exercise include:
heat exhaustion
heat stroke
fainting
hypoglycemia
hyperglycemia
simple or compound fractures
bronchospasm
hypotension
shock
seizures
bleeding
other cardiac symptoms.
In commercial settings, clients should be more extensively screened for potential health risks. The information solicited should include which of the following?
A) Personal medical history
B) Present medical status
C) Medication
D) All of the above
D. All of the above
Different types of health screenings are used for various purposes.
In commercial settings, clients should be screened more extensively for potential health risks.
At minimum, a personal medical history should be taken.
In addition, present medical status should be examined and questions asked regarding the use of medications (both prescription and over-the-counter).
Generally, low-fit or sedentary persons may benefit from _____.
A) Shorter duration, higher intensity, and higher frequency of exercise
B) Longer duration, higher intensity, and higher frequency of exercise
C) Shorter duration, lower intensity, and higher frequency of exercise
D) Shorter duration, higher intensity, and lower frequency of exercise.
C. Shorter duration, lower intensity, and higher frequency of exercise
The number of times per day or per week that a person exercises is interrelated with both the intensity and the duration of activity.
Generally, sedentary persons or those with poor fitness may benefit from multiple short-duration, low-intensity exercise sessions per day.
What is the planning tool that addresses the organization’s short- and long-term goals; identifies the steps needed to achieve the goals; and gives the time line, priority, and allocation of resources to each goal?
A) Financial plan
B) Strategic plan
C) Risk management plan
D) Marketing plan
B. Strategic plan
The strategic plan addresses strategic decisions of the organization in defining short-and long-term goals and serves as the overarching planning tool.
Health and fitness programs, financial plans, risk management efforts, and marketing plans only address subsegments within the overall strategic plan.
Through which valve in the heart does blood flow when moving from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
A) Bicuspid valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Pulmonic valve
D) Aortic valve
Tricuspid valve
Blood from the peripheral anatomy flows to the heart through the superior and inferior venae cavae into the right atrium.
From the right atrium, the blood passes through the tricuspid valve (image below) to the right ventricle, then out through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary arteries, and then to the lungs to be oxygenated.
The tricuspid valve is so named because of the three cusps, or flaps, of which it is made.
The bicuspid valve is a similar valve, having only two cusps; it is found between the left atrium and left ventricle (LV).
Blood leaving the LV will pass through the aortic semilunar valve to the ascending aorta and then out to the systemic circulation.
Which of the following is considered an abnormal curve of the spine with lateral deviation of the vertebral column in the frontal plane?
A) Lordosis
B) Scoliosis
C) Kyphosis
D) Primary curve
B. Scoliosis
The vertebral column serves as the main axial support for the body.
The adult vertebral column exhibits four major curvatures when viewed from the sagittal plane.
Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral deviation of the vertebral column.
Kyphosis is an abnormal increased posterior curvature, especially in the thoracic region.
Lordosis is an abnormal, exaggerated anterior curvature in the lumbar region.
A primary curve refers to the thoracic and sacral curvatures of the vertebral column that remain in the original fetal positions.
