Cardiovascular Flashcards
What are the main Calcium Channel blockers? What differentiate them from eachother?
What is the mechanism of action?
What are the main uses?
What are the main side effects?
How do I remember this shit?
Verapamil (most specific to the Ventrical/bad constipation), Diltiazem (Just different), Nifedipine, and amlodipine (Vascularture specific).
Blocks L-type calcium channels (Cardiac and smooth muscle)
HTN, variant angina, arrhythmias (Atrial), Raynaud’s (vasculature)
Cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, and constipation.
Want to keep arteries open so shove two (di**) _pine_s in them, but that is too much for the heart so **pa** says **mill them up to fit, but gives bad constipation.
Nitroprusside
What is its mechanism of action?
What is main use?
What is its main side effect?
How do I remember this shit?
short acting cGMP release by NO
Rapid vasodilator for HTN crisis
CN toxicity
A Nitro push Ide use for speedy pumping
Fenoldopam
What is its mechanism of action?
What is main use?
What is its main side effect?
How do I remember this shit?
Dopamine 1 receptor agonist** => relaxes **renal vascular smooth muscles
HTN crisis while increasing renal perfusion
Edema and edema like
Fun Old Pam swells like a balloon with all she takes, but her kidneys are fine. That is just amazing. Need her for a crisis.
Diazoxide
What is its mechanism of action?
What is main use?
What is its main side effect?
How do I remember this shit?
K channel opener => hyperpolarizes vascular smooth muscles
HTN crisis
Reduces insulin release
Makes vasculature/Beta pancreatic cells dead az ox ide only use it in a HTN emergency
What are the Prostanoids? What makes them note worthy?
What is its mechanism of action?
What is main use?
What is its main side effect?
How do I remember this shit?
Epoprost**enol (first/permanent catheter), Tre**postinil (3 things going for it; 3 routes of administration IV, inhale, Subcutaneous. Doesn’t need refrigeration. Can have site irritation)
PGI2 synthetic => powerful vasodilator/inhibits platelet aggregation.
Extreme cases of HTN (usually pulmonic)
jaw pain and arthralgias
Prostatute androids have no blood pressure, but keep my blood flowing. So I’m Postin’ an add for one (Epo), two (PGI2), or maybe even three (Tre)
What are the Endothelin-1 receptor antagonist (A and B)? What makes them note worthy?
What is its mechanism of action?
What is main use?
What is its main side effect?
How do I remember this shit?
Bosentan**(bad), Maci_tentan, and **A**_mbri**sentan** (receptor **A specific, least hepatotoxic)
All in the name => Potent vasodilator
Heart failure, etc.
Teratogenic (abortion) and hepatotoxicity
When I get drunk (hepatotoxicity) and watch naruto I see Sentan** or **Tentan** and want her **endothelin** for just **1** hour on my **dilated penis, but she won’t let me (antagonist). Just as well, it would be one fucked up baby (teratogenic)
What are the Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors?
What is its mechanism of action?
What is main use?
What is its main side effect?
How do I remember this shit?
Sildenafil**, Ta_dalafil, and Vardenafil_**
Prolongs vasodilator effects of NO
Dyspepsia (Bad pepsi gives me indigestion), headache, flushing, impaired blue-green color vision, and life-threatening hypotension with nitrates.
The blue and green (My dick no care what their color) _dal_es _fil_l me up with a potion in _Varden_vale and I fuck _5_ elves. Well worth the indigestion.
Riociguat
What is its mechanism of action?
What is main use?
What is its main side effect?
How do I remember this shit?
Makes NO more effective and is agonist for NO** through **Guanylate cyclase
Vasodilation (it is pretty new)
Teratogenic
Riociguat is so smooth that he must have a lot of sex, but that really is bad for the ladies.
Hydralazine
What is its mechanism of action?
What is main use?
What is its main side effect?
How is Ranolazine different?
How do I remember this shit?
increases cGMP => smooth muscle relaxation (Arterioles>veins) => reduce afterload
Severe/Pregnancy HTN and Heart failure/Blacks(the one)
Reflex tachycardia (Beta blockers usually co-administered), angina**, one of the **Lupus-like drugs
Late phase 3 and blocks potassium (arrhythmia)
Hydrate ala** limo_zine_s to keep Heart working with getting all the ladies and making them **pregnant**. That is so **HIPP it hurts my chest, but that Ranol is always late and blocks the Kick ass babes
Nitrates
What is its mechanism of action?
What is main use?
What is its main side effect?
How do I remember this shit?
metabolized to NO which activates cGMP => dilates systemic veins and coronary arteries => decreases diastolic wall stress. High dose => dilates systemic arteries => decreases PVR => decreases afterload => decreases systolic wall stress => lowers O2 demand.
Angina
Tolerance or desensitization, massive headaches, Flushing, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and reflex tachycardia
Nitrate is for old _G_rumps and their nasty _veins_
How does Vaughan Williams class 1 antiarrhthmics work? When do you use them? What is the effect of class 1A? 1B? 1C?
How does Vaughan Williams class 2 antiarrhthmics work? When do you use them?
How does Vaughan Williams class 3 antiarrhthmics work? When do you use them?
How does Vaughan Williams class 4 antiarrhthmics work? When do you use them?
Blocks Fast Na channel blockers** => increase threshold and decrease slope of phase 0. **Reentry arrhythmias.
- Moderate** block and **Prolonged action potential duration
- Mild block and Shortened action potential duration
- Marked** block and **No change on action potential duration
Decreases HR and contractility**. **Decreases Mortality.
Potassium channel blockers => stability.
L-type Ca channel blockers. Atrial arrhythmias
Why Quinidine bad?
When do you use Procainamide? What are three major possible side effects? What could make these worse?
Why Disopyramide bad?
Increases mortality
Tachycardia. Torsades de pointes (K blocker), Reversible SLE/Agranulocytosis. Its metabolite N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA)
Negative inotropic
When do you use Amiodarone? What special about it?
What arrhythmia do you always use Magnesium?
Last resort for Tachycardic arrhythmia. Have to push it straight to the heart (only lasts a few seconds).
Torsades de pointes
What are the Statin drugs?
How do they work?
What is it for?
What are the side effects?
Lovastatin**, Pra_vastatin, Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin_**
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor = inhibits Mevalonate
really good against LDL. Ok for increasing HDL and decreasing triglycerides
Hepatotoxic (Requires Liver function testing), rhabdomyolysis
What is the mechanism of action of niacin?
What is it good for?
What are the acute side effects? How do you treat?
What are the chronic side effects?
Inhibits lipolysis** and **VLDL secretion
best at increasing HDL, ok for the others
Red/flushed face (aspirin takes care of).
Hyperglycemia/uricemia
