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Honors Biology > Chapter 1: Biology, Exploring Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Biology, Exploring Life Flashcards

1
Q

List life’s levels of organization from largest to smallest

A

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom

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2
Q

Which of the following levels of biological organization includes all on the list: organ, molecule population, tissue?

A

population

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3
Q

What are the two major processes in an ecosystem?

A

Recycling chemical nutrients and flow of energy

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4
Q

What is the chemical flow for producers?

A

They use CO2 from air and H2O from soil and minerals from soil

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5
Q

What is the chemical flow for consumers?

A

Take O2 from air and return CO2, waste returns chemicals to soil

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6
Q

What is the chemical flow for decomposers?

A

They change wastes from consumers into minerals plants can use

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7
Q

What is the difference between flow of energy and chemical nutrients?

A

Chemical nutrients cycle within the web, while energy is gained and lost constantly and enters and exits the ecosystem as heat.

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8
Q

What are the energy transfers for energy within the ecosystem?

A

light energy to chemical energy to heat energy

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9
Q

How can one tell a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell apart?

A

A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus and no membraned organelles and is usually smaller and simpler, a eukaryotic cell is usually bigger and more complex, has a nucleus, and has membraned organelles.

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10
Q

What is the foundation for unity of life?

A

The genetic information in DNA molecules

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11
Q

How do genes become varied?

A

There are 4 chemical letters that line up in some sort of sequential string that encodes precise info in genes.

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12
Q

How does diversity exist?

A

Diversity stems from differences in DNA sequences

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13
Q

Explain how photosynthesis of plants functions in both the cycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy in an ecosystem.

A

Photosynthesis uses light to convert CO2 and H2O to energy-rich food, making it the pathway by which both chemical nutrients and energy become available to most organisms

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14
Q

Explain why cells are considered the basic units of life?

A

They are the lowest level in the hierarchy of biological organization at which the properties of life emerge

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15
Q

What is the chemical basis for all of life’s kinship?

A

DNA as the genetic material

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16
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

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17
Q

Which are prokaryotic and typically unicellular?

A

Bacteria, Archaea

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18
Q

What are the kingdoms of Bacteria?

A

Eubacteria

19
Q

What are the kingdoms of Archaea?

A

Archaebacteria

20
Q

What are the kingdoms of Eukarya?

A

Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi

21
Q

What is the difference between Bacteria and Archaea?

A

Bacteria are the most commonly found bacteria that are all around you daily. Archaea are the bacteria that are in more rare or unique locations like inside geysers

22
Q

List all of the characteristic of living things?

A

Growth and development, Organization and presence of 1+ cells, Response to Stimuli, Metabolism, Reproduction, Change over time, and Homeostasis

23
Q

Describe Organization and presence of 1+ cells

A

A cell is the smallest unit that can perform all of life’s processes. when it has 1 cell it is unicellular, 1+ it is multicellular

24
Q

Describe Response to Stimuli

A

A response to the physical or chemical change into the internal or external environment

25
Q

Describe Homeostasis

A

Same Stability. Process by which organisms maintain stable internal conditions despite what is happening in their external environment. NOT JUST TEMPERATURE (cold blooded animals)

26
Q

Describe Metabolism

A

Sum of all chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from environment; almost all energy originally comes from sun

27
Q

Describe Growth and Development

A

Living things must grow and increase in size, cell division, and go through a process to become a mature adult

28
Q

Describe Reproduction

A

Nonessential for the survival of the individual, but essential for the continuation of the species (hereditary info passed on through DNA) there is both sexual and asexual (without sex)

29
Q

Describe change through time

A

change through time is important for survival in changing world

30
Q

List all steps of the scientific method

A

Make an Observation, Ask a Question, Create a Hypothesis, Predict What Will Happen, Design and Carry Out Experiment, Conclusion

31
Q

Make an Observation

A

Use senses to receive knowledge about the world

32
Q

Ask a Question

A

Think about what you observed and use curiosity to ask a question

33
Q

Create a Hypothesis

A

Use everything you know about what you observed and questioned to make an educated guess about why it is that way

34
Q

Predict what will happen

A

Put pieces together and make statement about what you expect to happen in the experiment you are creating to answer your question.

35
Q

Design and Carry Out Experiment

A

Plan experiment with all good elements of an experiment and then do it

36
Q

Experimental Group

A

group in study that is test group

37
Q

control group

A

group in study that is NOT test group, therefore nothing is being done to them, they just have same constants as experimental

38
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable that is being changed

39
Q

Dependent variable

A

“D” for data, variable that is based on what IV is

40
Q

Constants

A

things that you keep the same in an experiment, what both the control and experimental group must have

41
Q

Conclusion

A

By analyzing results you can determine whether your hypothesis/prediction was right

42
Q

Difference between correlative design and scientific method

A

Correlative design is like discovery science where you are just basically making observations instead of actually deterring something.

43
Q

How to Have Good Experimental design

A

randomize the population, high sample sizes, design experiment that can be replicated by others, isolate and manipulate a defined variable

44
Q

Ways of Scientific Misconduct

A

negligence- careless science/data
plagiarism- copying from someone else’s work
obfuscation- removing that which didn’t go well
fabrication- making up results
duplication- publishing same paper in multiple journals with a few tweaks
conflict of interest-who’s providing funding vs. the desired outcomes
authorship- orders of authors on scientific papers is based on who is most important

Honors Biology (20 decks)

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