Oncogenesis Flashcards
Immune system - cancer role
Surveillance, prevention, and elimination of cancer and pre-cancerous cells
Causes of Cancers Paradigm (6)
- Sustaining proliferative signaling
- Evading growth suppressors
- Activating invasion and metastasis
- Enabling replicative immortality
- Inducing angiogenesis
- Resisting cell death
Most common cancers assocaited with immunodeficiency
leukemias and lymphomas
Someone with damage to bone marrow is likely predisposed to…
leukemia
Effect of chromosomal instability and/or fragility
Increased chromosomal mutations and DNA damage
Cancer
p53.
Activated when DNA damaged detected
Arrests cell cycle at G1 to allow time for complex DNA repair machinery to fix damaged DNA or direct the cell through apoptosis
Failure leads to “immortal” cell and cancer
Transcription factors
Potent for active genes
Can inappropriately activate oncogenes that can lead to cancer
Tyrosine Kinase & cancer, what? i.e.
Uninhibited activity o tyrosine kinases can lead to cancer
Philadelphia chromosome and bcr/abl fusion protein is CML in the classic example of tyrosine kinase activity.
Growth factors & cancer
Uninhibited activity of growth factors can lead to caner. including loss of imprinting and heterozygousity
Tumor suppresor genes & cancer
Loss of tumor suppressors leads to over expression o oncogenes. Germline oncogenes often produce complex syndromes demonstration that oncogene expression is important in normal development
microanatomy & cancer
Restructuring microanatomy can lead to cell survival advantage therefore cancer
embryology & cancer
Embryology is regulated growth. Cancer is dysregulated growth in a delicate balance.
embryonic defects and large chromosomal changes are frequently associated with a cancer
