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Undeleted > Membrane Function and Structure > Flashcards

Membrane Function and Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Membrane Functions

A

Homeostasis/Compartmentalization
Transport
Intracellular Communication

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2
Q

Compartmentalization - def

A

Maintaining concentration differences between compartments

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3
Q

Intracellular Communication - types

A 
gap junctions
transmitters
receptors
synaptic transmissions
excitablity
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4
Q

Transporters (Cell Membrane)

A

Responsible for maintaining concentration differences across cell membranes

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5
Q

Extracellular Fluid Concentrations

A 
Na+ = 135-145 mM
K+ = 3.5-5.0 mM
Ca2+ = 2.0-2.6 mM
Cl- = 98 -106 mM
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6
Q

Intracellular Fluid Concentrations

A 
Na+ = 10 -15 mM
K+ = 140 mM
Ca2+ = 50 mM
Cl- = 10 mM
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7
Q

Which ion concentrations are greater in extracellular fluid?

A

Na+ , Cl-

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8
Q

Movement of Solutes - methods

A

Bulk Flow
Diffusion
Electrical Migration

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9
Q

Excitable Cells use … to communicate

A

Action potentials, synaptic juntions

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10
Q

Bulk Flow

A

bulk movement of solutions by hydrostatic pressure

Used for big disctances

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11
Q

Diffusion - caused by, results in

A

Random thermal motion of molecules
Results in directed (net) movement of solutes when concentration differences exsist
Larger molecules diffuse more slowly than smaller ones

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12
Q

Time to travel particular distance (x)

A

x2

Very inefficient over large distances

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13
Q

Electrical Migration

A

Charge movement in response to an electric field.

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14
Q

Electrodiffusion

A

Ions diffuse both by concentration and electrical attraction

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15
Q

Flux

A

quantity that moves over a specified period of time

quantity/time

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16
Q

Fick Law

A

Flux = P x A x deltaC

permeability x area x concentration difference

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17
Q

Non Polar lipid soluble solutes

A

High permeability
Local anesthetics
alcohol
O2, Co2

18
Q

Ion permeability

A

Need help crossing membranes - use proteins (ion channels)

19
Q

Ionic Channels - factors affecting ion movement

A

chanels, conductance (ions/sec), Open probablity

20
Q

Protein mediated Transport - types

A

Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport

21
Q

Facilitated Diffusion - def, types

A

Does not involve any use of metabolic energy
Channels
Carriers

22
Q

Channels - def, characteristics, amount

A

membrane protein molecules - pore that spans membrane
Open State & Closed State
Show specificity, saturation and competition
Millions of ions/second

23
Q

Carriers - def, method, amount

A

Membrane protein molecules
Binds solute to be transported, changes confirmation allowing solute to cross membrane
Show specificity, saturation and competition
thousands of ions/second

24
Q

Saturation - Tm, Vmax

A

Carrier will reach Tm, or transport maximum, with further increases in concentration not leading to increases in transport.
Vmax = maximum rate of reaction reached at high substrate levels where addition of substrate will no longer increase rate of reaction

25
Q

Active Transport - def

A

transport that can proceed AGAINST an electrochemical potential difference or can move transported solute ‘uphill’
Requires energy, usually ATP

26
Q

Active Transport - types

A

Primary AT

Secondary AT

27
Q

Primary AT - def, types

A 
directly utilize metabolic energy
= an ATPases or pump
e.g. Na+/K+ pump
Ca2+ pump
H+ pump
28
Q

Na+/K+ pump - action, location

A

3 Na+ out of cell, 2K+ into cell

Basolateral membrane

29
Q

Ca2+ pump - location, action

A

ER of most cells (SR of muscle cell) ,

Keeps Ca2+ within cell ?

30
Q

H+ pump - location, action

A

Basolateral membrane of specialized stomach cells or tubular cells of kidney
Results in secretion of HCl during digestion.

31
Q

Secondary Active Transport - types

A

Co-transporters

Counter Transporters

32
Q

Co-Transporters

A

Move both solutes in the same direction

33
Q

Secondary Transporters - method, e.g.

A

Uphill movement of solute coupled with downhill movement of another solute (usually Na+)
Na/glucose

34
Q

Counter Transporters - def., a.k.a

A

Move solutes in opposite directions

a.k.a exchangers

35
Q

Vesicle Mediated Transport - types

A

Exocytosis

Endocytosis

36
Q

What undergoes Exocytosis ?

A

synaptic transmitters, hormones and some digestive enzymes

37
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

material to be transported first binds to a receptor and the substance-receptor complex is ingested by endocytosis

38
Q

Osmosis - def. how,

A

Diffusion of water

through lipid bylayer, ionic chanels and aquaporins

39
Q

measurning water concentration

A

measured in terms of concentration of dissolved solute particles

40
Q

Osmolarity

A

solution of concentration of dissolved particles in the solution
physical property
labeling osmolarity is relative

41
Q

Tonicity

A

based on steady state cell volume
biological property
affected by permeability

Undeleted (45 decks)

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