Breast Cancer TBL

Question 0

Epidermal growth factors

Answer 0

umm…

Question 1

Growth Factors

Answer 1

Naturally occurring substances that are capable of stimulating cell growth, proliferation and differentiation.

Question 2

EGFR

Answer 2

mitogenic response …?

Question 3

Mitogen

Answer 3

chemical that triggers mitosis by activating signal transduction pathways in which mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) is involved

Question 4

Proto-oncogene

Answer 4

gene that regulates cell growth

Question 5

oncogene

Answer 5

when a gene results in transformation of cells and uncontrolled cell growth

Question 6

Mestasis

Answer 6

Spreading of cancer cells

Question 7

Stage 0 BC

Answer 7

Carcinoma in situ

Question 8

DCIS

Answer 8

Ductal Carcinoma in situ - abnormal cells in lining of the duct

Question 10

Stage I

Answer 10

Cancer cells have not spread beyond the breast

Question 11

Stage II

Answer 11

2-5cm wide

Spread to lymph nodes under arm

Question 12

Stage III

Answer 12

locally advanced cancer

Tumor spread to underarm lymph nodes and to lymph nodes behind the breastbone

Question 13

Stage IV

Answer 13

distant metastatic cancer

cancer spread to other parts of the body

Question 14

Recurrent Cancer

Answer 14

Cancer that has come back after a period of time when it could not be detected. can reoccur locally or systematically.

Question 15

Estrogen-receptors positive, %

Progesterone-receptor positive,%

Answer 15

75% ER positive

65% of ER positive = PR positive

Question 16

Treatment for ER+ / PR+

Answer 16

Tamoxifin

Aromatase Inhibitors

Question 17

Tamoxifin - def., function

Answer 17

Antagonist of the estrogen receptor

Blocks the binding of estrogen to ER

Question 18

Aromatase Inhibitors - Function, Specifications

Answer 18

Block estrogen production

Used in postmenopausal women

Question 19

Adjuvant therapy

Answer 19

Additional treament

Question 20

Neoadjuvant therapy

Answer 20

therapy given before main treatment

Question 21

Anthracycline - functions

Answer 21

Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis by intercalating between base pairs, preventing cell replication
Inhibits topoisomerase II enzyme, preventing DNA supercoiled relaxation, blocking DNA transcription and replication
Creates free radicals that damage DNA and cell membranes of tumors

Question 22

Taxol

Answer 22

Anti-microtubule agent
Acts on cell during cell division
Inhibits microtubule formation - hindering cell division and replication - resulting in cell death