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Structures: Part Deux > LEC33: Reproductive Tract I > Flashcards

LEC33: Reproductive Tract I Flashcards

1
Q

what directs gonad development

A

genotype

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2
Q

what directs external genitalia development

A

presence of external genitalia

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3
Q

cause of discordance re: gonads, phenotype

A

mutations- cause gonadal development and phenotype to be discordant

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4
Q

2 phases of development

A

embryonic development of sex organs, secondary sexual development (happens at puberty)

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5
Q

embryonic development of sex organs includes

A

gonads (testes, ovaries), genital ducts, accessory glands

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6
Q

layer of embryonic tissue > reproductive organs

A

intermediate mesoderm

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7
Q

basis of primordial germ cells

A

endodermally-derived yolk sac

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8
Q

what/when is indifferent gonads period

A

male/female gonads, genitalia are identical

5-7 weeks

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9
Q

when primoridal germ cells migrate

A

Begins week 4 done by week 6
takes 2 weeks
during indifferent gonads pd

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10
Q

what is genital ridge

A

thickening of medial side of mesonephros

during indifferent gonads pd, primoridal germ cells migrate from yolk sac, along dorsal mesentery, to genital ridge, to primary sex cords

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11
Q

when/where primordial germ cells migrate

A

week 4, along dorsal mesentery

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12
Q

when primordial germ cells incorporated into primary sex cords

A

week 6

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13
Q

in what structure first see cortex/medulla differentiation?

A

primary sex cords (weeks 5-7)

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14
Q

cortex/medulla degree of importance to female/male devel?

A

importance:
cortex-female
medulla: male

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15
Q

what does male phenotype require?

A

short arm of Y chromosome, with SRY gene

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16
Q

SRY gene

A

sex region gene on short arm of Y chromosome; produces testis determining factor (TDF) which directs development of testes

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17
Q

physiologically typical female development requires

A

2 XX chromosomes

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18
Q

what determines ovary production?

A

absence of Y chromosome

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19
Q

what determines primary female sexual differentiation

A

no production of testosterone

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20
Q

TDF

A

testis determining factor, produced by SRY gene expression on short arm of Y chromosome; determines testes development

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21
Q

when testes develop

A

week 8

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22
Q

seminiferous cords

A

coiled up, anastomosed primary sex cords

in medulla of gonad

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23
Q

rete testis

A

From primary sex cords
anastomosing network of tubules in hilum of testicle
connects to ductal system
leads to efferent ductules / mesonephric tubules

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24
Q

what separates seminiferous tubules

A

mesenchyme

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25
Q

seminiferous tubules- hollow or solid?

A

solid til puberty, then hollow

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26
Q

what is in wall of seminiferous tubule

A

interstitial cell of leydig, sertoli cells, spermatogonia

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27
Q

tunica albuginiea

A

thick structures separating surface epithelium from inner rete testis; not present in ovaries

28
Q

what do interstitial cells of leydig do

A

secrete testosterone, lead to differentiation of mesonephric ducts and external genitalia

29
Q

sertoli cells

A

in wall of developing testis; secretes AMH (antimullerian hormone), aka mullerian inhibiting substance, SUPPRESSES development of perimesonephric duct system > male!

30
Q

what do primary sex cords become in females

A

rete ovarii, which regress

31
Q

cortical cords

A

secondary sex cords in females; incorporate germ cells, become cortical cords

32
Q

primordial follice surrounding oogonium formed by

A

cortical cords and germ cell

33
Q

what do ovaries (and testes) develop from

A

mesonephros

34
Q

how many follicles at birth of female

A

2 million

35
Q

does woman form any oogonia after birth

A

no

36
Q

mesonephric ducts

A

become male genital ducts and glands,

aka wolffian ducts

37
Q

paramesonephric ducts

A

become female genital ducts and glands,

aka mullerian ducts

38
Q

what leads to mesonephric duct development

A

AMH from sertoli cells + testosterone from insterstitial cells of leydig

39
Q

progression of male genital duct development

A

mesonephric ducts > efferent ductules, ductus epididymis, ductus deferens

40
Q

seminal vesicle location, function

A

outgrowth of ductal system

produces fluid that nourishes sperm; makes vagina more ALKALINE, helps sperm motility

41
Q

ejaculatory duct connects

A

seminal vesicle to vas deferens

42
Q

prostate develops from

A

endodermal outgrowths and surrounding mesenchyme from urethra; surrounds urethra

43
Q

prostate function

A

produces fluid that comprises first part of sperm ejaculate, fluid is released into the urethra, and alkalinizes the vagina

44
Q

how is prostatic fluid produced?

A

produced via muscular contractions of prostate

45
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

outgrowth of spongy urethra

secretions contribute to semen

46
Q

what allows female genital duct development

A

1) absence of testosterone > mesoneprhic ducts regress

2) absence of sertoli cells’ MIS > paramesoneprhic ducts can invaginate, develop

47
Q

how paramesonephric ducts develop

A

invaginations on lateral mesonephroi

48
Q

where is uterovaginal primordium

A

fused part of paramesonephric ducts, in pelvic region

becomes uterus, vagina

49
Q

paramesonephric ducts location re: pelvic region

A

paramesonephric ducts pass caudally

50
Q

fallopian tubes form where

A

unfused portion at top of paramesonephric ducts

51
Q

what suspends ovary in ducts

A

mesovarian and broad ligament

52
Q

what is vagina primordium, where does it form

A

at mullerian/sinus tubercle

forms by uterovaginal primordium growing into/meeting urogenital sinus

53
Q

broad ligament forms from

A

fold in peritoneum

connects ovary, uterus, uterine tube

54
Q

sinovaginal bulbs form from

A

paired endodermal outgrowths from sinus tubercle

55
Q

what forms vaginal plate

A

fusion of sinovaginal bulbs

begins as solid > center breaks down > hymen separates lumen of cavity from urogenital sinus

56
Q

what does hymen separate

A

lumen of sinovaginal bulbs’ fusion from cavity of urogenital sinus

57
Q

location and function, urethral and paraurethral (skene’s) glands

A

from urethra

add lubrication to the vagina

58
Q

location and function, bartholion’s glands

A

aka greater vestibular gland
auxiliary genital gland in females
forms from urogenital sinus
can become infected w/ gonorrhea, form abcess/cyst

59
Q

homologues of outgrowths from the urethra

A

female: urethral and paraurethral (skene’s) glands
male: prostate

60
Q

homologues of outgrowths from urogenital sinus

A

female: greater vestibular glands of Bartholin
male: Bulbourethral glands

61
Q

lasting derivatives of mesonephric tubules

A

male: efferent ductules
female: none

62
Q

lasting derivatives of mesonephric ducts

A

males: duct of epididymus, ductus deferens
females: none

63
Q

lasting derivatives of paramesonephric ducts

A

males: none
females: uterus, tubes

64
Q

lasting derivatives of urogenital sinus

A

males: bladder, urethra, prostate, bulbourethral glands
females: bladder, urethra, vagina, paraurethral gland, bartholins glands

65
Q

vestigial structures of sinus tubercle

A

male: seminal colliculus
female: hymen

Structures: Part Deux (36 decks)

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