LEC42: Lower Limb II Flashcards

1
Q

what secretes synovial fluid? what is it made of?

A

synovial membrane, just outside of joint

protein-based fluid

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2
Q

what is within synovial joint?

A

2 fibrocartilagenous discs, hylaine cartilage, synovial fluid

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3
Q

how does synovial joint work?

A

synovial membrane exudes synovial fluid, which nourishes joint, gives it movement ability

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4
Q

trauma to synovial joint known as? / caused by?

A

“water on the knee”

trauma, disease, aging

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5
Q

can synovial fluid regenerate?

A

no

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6
Q

hip joint’s technical name, joint type, special characteristic

A

acetabulofemoral joint, synovial ball and socket joint

weight-bearing joint

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7
Q

movements of hip joint

A

Circumduction.

1) flexion
2) extension
3) abduction
4) adduction
5) lateral/external rotation
6) medial rotation

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8
Q

knee joint’s technical name

A

genual

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9
Q

what from within quadriceps muscle communicates with knee joint?

A

quadriceps bursa

can fill with fluid

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10
Q

what part of femur/tibia articulate?

A

distal femur, proximal tibia

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11
Q

sesamoid bone of knee? its function?

A

patella, biggest sesamoid bone in body

quadriceps leverage

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12
Q

genual joint actions

A

1) extension

2) flexion

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13
Q

technical name of ankle joint? what articulates there?

A

talo-crural joint, talus bone of foot-crura (leg)

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14
Q

talo-crural joint’s actions?

A

1) extension/dorsi-flexion
2) true flexion/plantar-flexion
3) inversion
4) eversion

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15
Q

muscles that extend acetabulo-femoral joint?

A

1) gluteus maximus

2) hamstrings

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16
Q

muscles that flex acetabulo-femoral joint?

A

1) iliopsoas
2) sartorious
3) rectus femoras
4) tensor facialata

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17
Q

muscles that adduct acetabulo-femoral joint?

A

1) adductor magnus, longus, brevis pectineus

2) grasilis

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18
Q

muscles that abduct acetabulo-femoral joint?

A

1) glueus medius, minimus

2) tensor fasciae latae

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19
Q

muscles that laterally rotate acetabulo-femoral joint?

A

1) sartious
2) obturator internus
3) obturator externus
4) gemelli superior and inferior
5) quadratus femoris

GRADED ACTION

20
Q

muscles that medially rotate acetabulo-femoral joint?

A

medial fibers of gluteus medius and minimus

21
Q

muscles that extend genual joint?

A

1) Quadriceps femoris
2) Rectus femoris
3) Vastus lateralis
4) Vastus medialis
5) Vastus intermedius

22
Q

muscles that flex genual joint?

A

1) Hamstrings
2) Biceps femoris
3) Semitendonosis
4) Semimembranosus
5) Popliteus
6) Gastrocnemius
7) Plantaris

23
Q

what is unique about the short head of the biceps femoris?

A

innervated by common peroneal nerve

ONLY MUSCLE IN BODY innervated by common peroneal nerve!

24
Q

what is unique about gastrocnemius?

A

2 joint muscle

comes from femur

25
Q

what is the initial unlocker of the knee?

A

popliteus m.

26
Q

what is unique about plantaris m.?

A

vestigial muscle

constantly spasms 2 muscles if torn

27
Q

muscles that extend talo-crural joint?

A

1) tibialis anterior
2) extensor halligus longus
3) extensor digitorum longus
4) continuation of peroneus tertious, the 5th toe of extensor digitalis longus

28
Q

muscles that flex talo-crural joint?

A

1) Gastrocnemius
2) soleus
3) plantaris
4) tibialis posterior
5) flexior digitorum longus
6) flexor hallicus longus
7) peroneus longus
8) peroneus brevis

29
Q

which muscles are tom, dick, and harry?

A

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus

30
Q

which muscles make up the triceps surae?

A

glastrocnemius, soleus
3-headed muscle of the calf
are 2-joint muscles

31
Q

muscles that invert talo-crural joint?

A

tibialis anterior and posterior

32
Q

muscles that do eversion of talo-crural joint?

A

1) peroneus longus

2) peroneus brevis

33
Q

another word for peroneus?

A

fibularis

34
Q

tibial nerve root values

A

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

35
Q

sister of tibial nerve?

A

common peroneal nerve

L4, L5, S1, S2

36
Q

what nerves form sciatic nerve?

A

common peroneal + tibial nerves

37
Q

where is sciatica felt? where is root?

A

lower extremity

L4, L5 radiculopathy

38
Q

what is trendelenburg gait?

A

damage to abductors of hip joint, usually damage to superior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1
ipsolateral limb moves, abductors contract and hug hip in
rock side to side

39
Q

what is gluteus maximus lurch?

A

damage to inferior gluteal nerve

L5, S1, S2

40
Q

what is drop foot caused by?

A

damage of common peroneal nerve
deep peroneal part is knocked out
foot drags, steppage gait

41
Q

what is easier to lose: inversion or eversion of foot?

A

eversion, because would have to knock out 2 different compartments - both tibial and common peroneal nerves - to knock out inversion

42
Q

what carries sensation from medial malleolus?

A

saphenous nerve

43
Q

what is the only non-sciatic innervation distal to the knee?

A

saphenous nerve, branch of femoral nerve

44
Q

if have neuropathy in leg- if can extend knee, what type of neuropathy?

A

distal neuropathy of saphenous nerve

45
Q

if have neuropathy in leg- if cannot extend knee, what type of neuropathy?

A

L2-L4, femoral nerve neuropathy

46
Q

if cannot bring knees together, which nerves are definitely injured?

A

femoral, obturator