LEC53: Pathology of Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

disorders in what part of brain might CNI: olfactory n be involved with?

A

frontal lobe, because located just under frontal lobe

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2
Q

what is most common cause of loss of smell

A

common cold, not CNI lesion

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3
Q

how to test if pt has CNI: olfactory n issue?

A

make sure pt has clear nasal paths by putting odor under nose - ensure it’s not noxious

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4
Q

what & where is this, & what does it cause?

A

meningioma on CNI: olfactory n

pt has loss of smell on 1 side

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5
Q

optic disc

A

where optic nerve enters globe

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6
Q

what does using opthalmoscope allow?

A

look into eye

look for signs of either:

1) opticatrophy
2) papilodema - swelling of the disc

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7
Q

what is papilodema, what does it suggest?

A

swellings of the optic disc

sign of increased intercranial pressure

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8
Q

how to test visual field?

A

testing CNII: optic n

move fingers to different areas in pt’s visual field; assess what they can see

what they can or cannot see tells where meningioma is

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9
Q

which cranial nerves are occulomotor nerves?

A

CNIII, IV, VI

all move the eye

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10
Q

what does CNIII innervate re: eye

A

all extraoccular muscles EXCEPT lateral rectus, superior oblique

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11
Q

what does CNIII do re: pupil?

A

CNIII involves fibers that constrict pupil

if knock out CNIII, pupil dialates

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12
Q

what happens if CNIII knocked out?

A

1) pupil dialates
2) eye deviates LATERALLY b/c CNIII doesn’t innervate lateral rectus m
3) eye deviates DOWNWARD b/c CNIII doesn’t innervate superior oblique m

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13
Q

which structure is CNIII?

A

CNIII=oculomotor n, #3

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14
Q

what might pressure on CNIII indicate?

A

brain herniation

b/c CNIII located adjacent to TEMPORAL LOBE

if anything pushes temporal lobe, will compress CNIII

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15
Q

what is this condition? nerve damaged?

A

trochlear nerve palsy - head tilted slightly

occurs b/c CNIV is a rotator; if knocked out, get slight head tilt

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16
Q

what is this condition?

A

abducens palsy - knock out of CNVI

pt gets double vision & knock out of lateral rectus m so eye cannot ABduct

can be unilateral or bilateral

17
Q

what is this condition

A

anducens (CN VI) palsy

18
Q

what optic reflex is associated with CNV, trigeminal n?

A

corneal reflex

NOT SCLERAL REFLEX

19
Q

what is sensory field of CNV?

A
20
Q

cause and presentation of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

like “seizure” of CN V

sudden, severe pain in 1 of divisions of CN V

agonizing pain caused by chewing or slightest stimulation to effected area

21
Q

what does lesion of CN VII cause?

A

facial nerve palsy

lesion involves ALL muscles of effected side of face

22
Q

what condition is this, what nerve is effected, what is presentation?

A

facial nerve (CN VII) palsy

1) L eye open wider b/c weakness of eye closure muscles
2) nasal labia fold more prominent on R side
3) if ask pt to show teeth, marked weakness contracting L facial muscles > see magnified asymmetry of eye fissures

23
Q

what is this condition

A

central (woman) and peripheral (man) bell’s palsy

CN VII facial n is effected

usually 1 side of CN VII effected

24
Q

what is an acoustic neuroma, which CN does it effect?

A

tumor on CNVIII, vestibulo-cochlear n

25
Q

what is nystagmus, which CN involved?

A

sudden small movements of eyes

CNVIII

26
Q

how to test auditory capability? which nerve tested?

A

CNVIII, vestibulocochlear n

make dinging sound near ear

27
Q

which nerves involved with gag reflex?

A

CN IX, CN X

28
Q

where does this pt have a lesion?

A

R side of CN IX glossopharyngeal, CN X vagus

uvula deviates to STRONGER side

here deviation is to L side so lesion is R side

29
Q

which muscles does CNXI, accessory, innervate?

A

1) trapezius
2) sternocleidomastoid

30
Q

drop shoulder is sign of what?

A

lesion to CNIX, spinal accessory n b/c innervates trapezius

31
Q

what is this, what does it indicate?

A

scalloping on side of tongue due to atrophy of tongue muscle, innervated by CN XII, hypoglassal n

32
Q

what is effected here?

A

R side of tongue effected b/c strong side - L - pushes tongue out toward weaker muscle

innervation = CN XII, hypoglossal