Syllabus 9 Questions: Answered

Question 1

difference between “skull” and “cranium”?

Answer 1

skull= 22 bones, encompasses cranium and mandible

cranium= doesn’t include mandible; bones attached by sutures, so calvaria and viscerocranium

Question 2

what comprises cranium?

Answer 2

1) calvaria - upper domed pt, covers cranial cavity containign brain
2) viscerocranium, facial skeleton- lower, anteiror pt

Question 3

views of skull

Answer 3

1) norma lateralis
2) norma frontalis
3) norma verticalis
4) norma occipitalis
5) norma basalis

Question 4

what is a branchial arch?

Answer 4

outpouchings of mesoderm on both sides of developing pharynx

develops during week 4

each archy develops its own artery, nerve controlling a distinct muscle group, and skeletal tissue

Question 5

1st branchial arch’s nerve?

Answer 5

trigeminal, CN V

Question 6

2nd branchial arch’s nerve?

Answer 6

facial, CN VII

Question 7

3rd branchial arch’s nerve?

Answer 7

glossopharyngeal, CN IX

Question 8

4th branchial arch’s nerve?

Answer 8

vagus, CN X

superior laryngeal nerve

Question 9

5th & 6th branchial arches’ nerve?

Answer 9

cranial root fo spinal accessory n (CN XI) fibers carreid in recurrent laryngeal nerve (of Vagus, CN X)

Question 10

major sensory nerve of the face, its divisions, their fiber types?

Answer 10

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

V₁ = opthalmic division, GSA

V_{2 =}maxillary division, GSA

V₃ = mandibular division, GSA & SVE

Question 11

what nerve exits skull thru foramen ovale?

Answer 11

V_3, mandibular division of trigeminal n (CN V)

Question 12

which hole is foramen ovale?

Answer 12

where CN V, trigeminal n, exits skull

Question 13

what nerve supplies muscles of facial expression?

Answer 13

CNVII, facial n

Question 14

what nerve traverses parotid duct? why clinically important?

Answer 14

CN VII, facial n

traverses parotid duct, but doesn’t innervate parotid gland

parotid gland innervated by CN IX, glossopharyngeal n

however tumors in area of parotid gland may cause facial pain on involved side

Question 15

distinguishing feature of facial artery? fxn?

Answer 15

tortuous

accomodates neck movements

aka “anaesthetist’s artery”

Question 16

what is facial artery direct branch of?

Answer 16

external carotid a

aorta > common carotid a > external carotid a > facial a

Question 17

where is mental foramen? what nerve emreges from it? fiber type of said nerve?

Answer 17

2 holes on anterior surface of mandible

mental n emerges - branch of trigeminal n (CN V)

trigeminal > mandibular, V₃ > inferior alveolar > mental

GSA and SVE fibers

Question 18

what is a suture? why not always visible in adults?

Answer 18

suture is seam-like immovable fibrous joint btwn 2 bones

when skull/brain grow to adult size, sutures calcify, bones fuse, no longer visible