2.7.2013(pathology)55

Question 0

Risk factors for development of colorectal cancer

Answer 0

Dietary fat
Smoking
Ureterosigmoidostomy
IBD
Streptococcus bovis bacterimia

Question 1

Single gene disorders with non classic inheritance

Answer 1

Triplet repeat mutation
Mutations in mt genes
Genomic imprinting
Gonadal mosaicism

Question 2

Inherited syndromes with malignant polyps in both small and large intestines

Answer 2

Gardner

Question 3

Lesions associated with gardener

Answer 3

CONGENITAL HYPERTROPHY OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM
osteoma
Fibroma
Lipoma
Epidermoid cyst
Ampullary cancers

Question 4

Tumors associated with peutz jegher syndrome

Answer 4

Ovary
Pancreas
Endometrium
Breast

Question 5

Combined immunodeficiency(both T and B cell defect)

Answer 5

Nezelof syndrome
Ataxia telangiectasia
Wiskott Aldrich
SCID

Question 6

Which snake bite causes DIC

Answer 6

Viper

Question 7

Early liver failure,which is not prolonged

PT or aPTT

Answer 7

aPTT

Question 8

Elevated aPTT but no bleeding

Answer 8

XII
HMK
PK
lupus anticoagulant
Heparin

Question 9

Horseshoe kidney,vertebral level

Answer 9

L4

Question 10

Horseshoe kidney,which poles are fused

Answer 10

Lower poles 90%

Question 11

Horse shoe kidney is commonly seen in which syndrome

Answer 11

Turner

Question 12

Tumor which is common in horseshoe kidney

Answer 12

Wilms tumor

Question 13

Common form of crossed fused Ectopia

Answer 13

Left kidney crossing and fusing with lower pole of rt kidney

Question 14

Tumors that express FasL

Answer 14

Melanoma
HCC

Cause apoptosis of T cells

Question 15

Mechanisms by which tumor cells escape immune surveillance

Answer 15

Antigen negative variants
Loss of MHC2(however they may trigger NK cells)
Immune suppression by TGF B
Antigen masking
Apoptosis of cytotoxic T cells
Lack of co stimulation

Question 16

NK/T cells

Answer 16

NK cells expressing CD3

Question 17

NK/T cells recognise antigens presented by

Answer 17

CD1 molecule

Question 18

NK/T cells are effective against

Answer 18

Listeria monocytogenes

M.Tuberculosis

Question 19

Genetic causes of ADPKD

Answer 19

ADPKD1 chr16
ADPKD2 chr 4
Somatic mutation
Loss of heterozygosity

Question 20

Difference in presentation of ADPKD1 and ADPKD2

Answer 20

Late age of onset and renal failure in ADPKD2

Question 21

Risk factors for progressive renal disease in ADPKD

Answer 21

ADPKD 1
Younger age
Hypertension
Black race
Male

Question 22

autosomal dominant cystic diseases of kidney

Answer 22

ADPKD

adult onset medullary cystic kidney disease

Question 23

Causes of SVC syndrome

Answer 23

Adenocarcinoma of lung
small cell Ca of lung
SCC of lung
Lymphoma(common cause in young age)
Thyroid Ca
Thymoma
Teratoma
Synovial cell sarcoma
Angiosarcoma

Question 24

Oncogenes with tyrosine receptor activity$

Answer 24

BCR-ABL MET ERBB2

Question 25

$ gene mutations in oesophageal cancer

Answer 25

``` P53 Cyclin D1 p16INK4a C-MYC EGFR ```

Question 26

Causes of enlarged kidneys

Answer 26

``` Amyloidosis Diabetic nephropathy Multiple myeloma HIV associated nephropathy ADPKD* obstructive uropathy* ``` * true enlargement seen

Question 27

Antibodies in atrophic gastritis

Answer 27

``` Against H+K+ ATPase Gastrin receptor IF(most specific) Parietal cells ```

Question 28

Appearance of amyloid in various microscopy techniques

Answer 28

Light microscopy - Congo red- pink Polarising microscopy -apple green birefringence X ray crystallography or infrared spectroscopy- beta pleated sheets EM- 10nm fibrils

Question 29

Autoimmune gastritis commonly involves which part of stomach

Answer 29

Fundus Body Antrum is spared

Question 30

HLA in autoimmune gastritis

Answer 30

HLA B8 | HLA DR3

Question 31

Types of chronic gastritis

Answer 31

Type A autoimmune - body predominant | Type B H.pylori - antral predominant

Question 32

X linked recessive hematopoitic disorders

Answer 32

``` SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA Hemophilia A and B Wiskott Aldrich Agammaglobulima CGD G6PD ```

Question 33

Causes of x linked recessive diseases

Answer 33

Color blindness Ocular albinism Androgen insensitivity of syndrome Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 34

Mode of inheritance of Laurence moon biedel syndrome

Answer 34

AR

Question 35

Autosomal recessive inheritance is seen in

Answer 35

``` Usher syndrome Chediak higashi LAD pendred Klippel feil syndrome Ehlers danlos Osteopetrosis Familial Mediterranean fever Bartter syndrome Gitelman syndrome Nephronophthisis ```

Question 36

Complications of blood transfusion

Answer 36

``` Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Metabolic alkalosis Hyperammonemia Hypothermia ```

Question 37

Cause of metabolic alkalosis in blood transfusion

Answer 37

One molecule of citrate releases 3 molecules of bicarbonate

Question 38

Infections that may be transmitted by blood transfusion

Answer 38

``` HIV hepatitis B and C Malaria CMV cJD Brucellosis Syphilis Parvovirus B19 Chagas disease ```

Question 39

PAS positive kidney structures

Answer 39

GBM TBM(tubular basement membrane) mesangium Brush border of PCT

Question 40

AntiFibrinolytic factors in platelets

Answer 40

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 Alpha 2 antiplasmin Platelets also have anti fibrinolytic factors

Question 41

Microscopic polyangitis involves

Answer 41

Capillaries Venules Arterioles

Question 42

Other name for Li fraumeni syndrome

Answer 42

``` SBLA syndrome Sarcoma Breast Leukemia Adrenal gland ```

Question 43

Mitochondrial disease associated with dementia and increased CSF protein

Answer 43

MERRF

Question 44

Factors that cause both chemotaxis and increased vascular permeability

Answer 44

C5a PAF NO

Question 45

CSF in Multiple sclerosis

Answer 45

Increased protein | Oligoclonal bands

Question 46

Causes of increased CSF protein

Answer 46

``` Diabetes Connective tissue disease Uraemia Myxedema Cerebral hemorrhage Brain tumors Meningioma Acoustic neuroma Ependymoma ```