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Cardiology > 275 PAOD > Flashcards

275 PAOD Flashcards

1
Q

Vasculitic disorder associated with exposure to cold. Raised erythematous lesions develop on the lower part of legs and feet in cold weather

A

Pernio

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2
Q

Effective treatment of pernio

A

Sympatholytic drugs and dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist

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3
Q

Raynauds phenomenon occurs in how many percent in systemic sclerosis

A

Raynauds phenomenon occurs 80-90% of patient with systemic sclerosis and presenting symptom in 30%

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4
Q

Leading cause of PAOD in patients more than 40 years

A

Atherosclerosis

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5
Q

High prevalence of atherosclerotic PAOD occurs in what age

A

6th and 7th decade of life

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6
Q

Most common symptom of PAOD

A

Intermittent claudication

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7
Q

Important physical findings of PAD

A

Decreased or absent pulses distal to obstruction
Presence of bruit over narrowed artery
Muscle atrophy

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8
Q

Normal ankle:brachial index

A

1.0-1.4

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9
Q

Borderline ABI

A

0.91- 0.99

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10
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilator and antiplatelet properties increases claudication by 40-60%

A

Cilostazol

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11
Q

Substituted xanthind derivative that increases blood flow to the microcirculation and enhances tissue oxygenation

A

Pentoxifylline

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12
Q

Hyperpladtic disorder that affects medium-sized and small arteries especially the renal and carotid arteries;; occurring predominantly in females

A

Finbromuscluar dyplasia

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13
Q

Histologic classification of finbromuscluar dysplasia. Which is the most common type

A

Intimak fibroplasia
Medial dysplasia– most common type
Adventitial hyperplasia

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14
Q

Inflammatory occlusive vascular disorder involving small and medium sized arteries and veins in distal upper and lower extremities associated with cigarette smoking

A

Thromboangitis obliterans

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15
Q

Occurs when arterial occlusion results in sudden cessation of blood flow to an extremity

A

Acute limb ischemia

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16
Q

Principal causes of acute arterial occlusion

A

Embolism, thrombus in situ, arterial dissection, trauma

17
Q

Most common causes of arterial emboli

A

Heart
Aorta
Large arteries

18
Q

Instances of paradoxical embolus. Arterial Occlusion from A venous thrombus

A

Via patent foramen ovale or septal defect

19
Q

Treatment of acute limb ischemia of less than 2 weeks esp when surgery is contraindicated or there is poor access

A

Intra arterial thrombolytic therapy with reteplase, tenecteplase

20
Q

Treatment of acute limb ischemia when it’s more than 2 weeks

A

Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy

21
Q

Complex symptom resulting from compression of neurovascula bundle at neck and shoulder area

A

Throacic outlet compression syndrome

22
Q

Venous compression causing thrombosis of subclavian and axillary veins associated with effort

A

Paget- schroetter syndrome

23
Q

Occurs when gastrocnemius or popliteal muscle compressed popliteal artery causing claudication and triggered by ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

A

Popliteal artery entrapment

24
Q

Most common peripheral artery aneurysm

A

Popliteal artery aneurysm

25
Q

Common clinical presentation of popliteal artery aneurysm and when is surgical repair indicated

A

Most common clinical manifestation is limb ischemia

Repair is indicted when diameter exceeds 2-3 cm

26
Q

Compression of large arteriovenous fistula causes reflex slowing of the heart rate

A

Nicoladoni- Branham sign

27
Q

Rare case of arteriovenous fistula

A

Rupture of arterial aneurysm into vein

28
Q

Characterized by episodic digital ischemia manifested by sequential development of digital blanching, cyanosis and rubor of finger or toes after cold exposure

A

Raynauds phenomenon

29
Q

Drugs implicated in raynauds phenomenon

A

Ergot preparations
Methysergide
Beta adrenergic receptor antagonist
Chemotherapeutic agents: bleomycin, vinblastine, cisplatin, gemcitabine

30
Q

Condition characterized by arterial vasoconstriction and secondary dilatation of capillaries and venues in hand and less frequently the feet. How is it different from Raynauds phenomenon?

A

Acrocyanosis. It’s persistent and no blanching compared to episodic in Raynauds

Cardiology (14 decks)

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