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Anatomy > Articulations (KT) > Flashcards

Articulations (KT) Flashcards

1
Q

Joints aka…?

A

Articulations

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2
Q

Points of contact for joints… (3)

A
  1. Between 2 bones
  2. Between Cartilage and bone
  3. Between teeth and bones
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3
Q

The study of joints

A

Arthrology

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4
Q

Study of motion

A

Kinesiology

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5
Q

How are joints classified?

A

Based on movement

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6
Q

Immovable joints

A

Synarthosis

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7
Q

Slightly movable joints

A

Amphiarthrosis

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8
Q

Freely movable joints

A

Diarthrosis

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9
Q

Classification of joints based on anatomy… 3 kinds

A
  1. Fibrous (collagen fibers)
  2. Cartilaginous (cartilage)
  3. Synovial (joint capsules & accessory ligaments)
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10
Q

Type of joint that…

  • Lack of synovial cavity
  • Bones held close together by fibrous connective tissue
  • Little or no movement
A

Fibrous Joints

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11
Q

Structural types of Fibrous Joints… (3)

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Syndesmoses
  3. Gomphoses
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12
Q
  • Thin layers of dense fibrous connective tissue that unites bones of the skull
  • Immovable
A

Sutures

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13
Q

Sutures that are fused completely in adults

A

Synostosis

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14
Q
  • Fibrous joint
  • Bones united by ligament
  • Slightly movable
A

Syndesmosis

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15
Q

Example of Syndesmosis

A
  1. Anterior tibiofibular joint

2. Interosseous membrane

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16
Q
  • Ligament holds cone shaped peg in bony socket

- Immovable (synarthrosis)

A

Gomphosis

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17
Q

Examples of Gomphosis

A

-Teeth in alveolar process of maxillae or mandible

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18
Q

Joints that…

  • Lack a synovial cavity
  • Allows little or no movement
  • Bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
A

Cartilage Joints

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19
Q

2 types of Cartilage Joints

A
  1. Synchondroses

2. Symphyses

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20
Q

Cartilage joint that…

  • Connecting material is hyaline cartilage
  • Immovable
A

Synchondrosis

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21
Q

Example of synchondrosis

A
  1. Epiphyseal Plate
  2. Joints between ribs and sternum
    - When fusion occurs it becomes a synostosis
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22
Q

Cartilage joint that…

  • Fibrocartilage is connecting material
  • Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)
A

Symphysis

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23
Q

Example of Symphysis

A
  • Intervertebral Discs

- Pubic symphysis

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24
Q

Features of the Synovial Joint (2)

A
  1. 2 bones separated by a fluid filled cavity

2. Joint capsule has 2 layers

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25
Q

2 layers of the Synovial Joint

A
  1. Synovial Membrane

2. Articular Cartilage

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26
Q

Synovial fluid components… (3)

A
  1. Blood filtrate
  2. Hyaluronic Acid
  3. Glycoproteins
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27
Q

Synovial Fluid Functions… (3)

A
  1. Lubricate joint surfaces
  2. Nourish Chondrocytes
  3. Shock absorber
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28
Q

Structure that…

  • Reinforces and strengthens joint capsule
  • Connect bone to bone with dense irregular connection tissue
A

Ligaments

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29
Q

Ligament types (2)

A
  1. Extracapsular Ligaments

2. Intracapsular Ligaments

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30
Q

Outside joint capsule

Ex. Tibial and Fibular Collaterals

A

Extracapsular Ligaments

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31
Q

Within the capsule

Ex. Cruciates (ACL)

A

Intracapsular Ligaments

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32
Q

-Pads of fibrous cartilage that subdivide a cavity
-Also known as menisci
Ex. Knee joint

A

Articular Discs

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33
Q

Functions of Articular Discs

A
  • Channel flow of synovial fluid
  • Modify articular surfaces
  • Restrict movements at joints
  • Cushion articulating surfaces
  • Help distribute body weight
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34
Q

Adipose tissue surrounding the synovial capsule

Ex. Tibiofemoral Joint

A

Fat pads

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35
Q

Functions of the fat pads

A
  • Protect articular cartilage
  • Packing material
  • Fills space when joint changes shape
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36
Q
  • Small fluid filled pockets of connective tissue

- Located in hypodermis, between tendons/ligaments and bones

A

Bursae

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37
Q

Functions of Bursae (2)

A
  1. Cushion and support

2. Aid movement of tendons

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38
Q

Type of movement that…

-2 opposing surfaces slide past one another

A

Gliding

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39
Q

Type of movement that…

-A change in angle between the shaft and the articular surface

A

Angular movement

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40
Q

Type of movement that…

  • A type of angular motion
  • Rotation of the shaft while changing the angle
A

Circumduction

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41
Q

Type of movement that…

-Spinning of the shaft without changing the angle

A

Rotation

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42
Q

Types of angular movement (5)

A
  1. Abduction
  2. Adduction
  3. Flexion
  4. Extension
  5. Hyperextension
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43
Q

Types of rotation (2)

A
  1. Pronation

2. Supination

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44
Q

Eversion/Inversion

A

Ex. Angling your foot inward and outward

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45
Q

Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion

A

Ex. Angling the foot up and down

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46
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Ex. Angling the head away from the midline of the body

47
Q

Protraction/Retraction

A

The moving of the jaw (underbite and overbite)

48
Q

Opposition

A

Ex. Moving of the thumb

49
Q

Elevation and depression

A

Opening and closing your mouth

50
Q

Trade off of flexibility and stability of synovial joints (4)

A
  1. Shape of articulating surfaces
  2. Tightness of ligaments
  3. Presence of accessory ligaments
  4. Other factors such as bones, muscles, or fat pads
51
Q

Types of synovial joints… (6)

A
  1. Plane
  2. Hinge
  3. Pivot
  4. Condylar
  5. Saddle
  6. Ball and Socket
52
Q

Type of synovial joint that…

  • Bone surfaces are flat or slightly curved
  • Side to side movement only
  • Rotation prevented by ligament
A

Plane Joint

53
Q

Examples of Plane Joints (4)

A
  1. Intercarpal Joints
  2. Intertarsal Joints
  3. Sternalclavicular Joints
  4. Vertebrocostal Joints
54
Q

Type of synovial joint that…

  • Convex surface of one bones fits into concave surface of 2rd bone
  • Uniaxial like door hinge
A

Hinge Joint

55
Q

hi. hi. whats up? jan is scaring me. sos what is dad doing to mom?

A

oh gawd

56
Q

Examples of a hinge joint (4)

A
  1. Knee
  2. Elbow
  3. Ankle
  4. Interphalangeal Joint
57
Q

Movements produced by Hinge Joint (3)

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Hyperextension
58
Q

Type of synovial joint that…

  • Rounded surface of bone articulates with ring formed by second bone and ligament
  • Uniaxial
A

Pivot Joint

59
Q

Examples of Pivot Joint

A
  1. Proximal Radioulnar Joint

2. Atlanto-Axial

60
Q

Type of synovial joint that…

  • Oval shaped projection fits into oval depression
  • Biaxial
A

Condylar Joint

61
Q

Examples of condylar joints

A
  1. wrist

2. Metacarpophalangeal Joints for digits 2 to 5

62
Q

Type of synovial joint that…

  • One bone saddle shaped other bone fits like a person sitting in that saddle
  • Biaxial
A

Saddle Joint

63
Q

Examples of saddle joints

A
  1. Trapezium of Carpus

2. Metacarpal of the thumb

64
Q

Ball fitting into a cuplike depression

-Multiaxial

A

Ball and socket joint

65
Q

Movement of ball and socket joint?

A
  • Flexion/Extension
  • Abduction and adduction
  • Rotation
66
Q

Examples of Ball and Socket Joints

A
  1. Shoulder joint

2. Hip Joint

67
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

A
  • Hinge Joint
  • Between condylar process of mandible and mandibular fossa
  • Condyles slide back and forth along joint socket
  • 2 synovial joints
68
Q

Intervertebral Articulations

A
  • Facets
  • Vertebrae articulate at the superior and inferior articular processes
  • Plane joint
  • Restricts lateral movement
69
Q

Intervertebral discs allow for what movements?

A
  1. Allow flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation
70
Q

What are the 2 layers of the intervertebral discs?

A
  1. Anulus Fibrosus (fibrocartilage)
  2. Nucleus Pulposus
    (Composed of… water 75%, reticular & elastic fibers)
71
Q
  • Slipped discs
  • Nucleus pulposus breaked through annulus fibrosus
  • Movements of the vertebral column compress nucleus
A

Herniated Disc

72
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A

-head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

73
Q

Glandoid cavity is covered by the…

A

Glenoid Labrum

74
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

A ring od dense irregular connective tissue attached to the margin a the glenoid cavity

75
Q

I left you a note somewhere

A

Boom Boom

76
Q

What are the 2 joints of the elbow?

A
  1. Humerus and ulna

2. Radius and ulna

77
Q

Radiocarpal Joint

A
  • The articular process of the radius and the lunate and the scaphoid
  • Allows for flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction
78
Q

Intercarpal joints move by…

A

Gliding

79
Q

Carpometacarpal joints…

A

1, Thumb (saddle)

2. Other digits (plane, sliding)

80
Q

Metacarpophalangeal Joints

A
  • Hand to fingers (condylar)
  • Adduction/Abduction
  • Flexion/Extension
81
Q

Metacarpophalangeal Joints

A

Hand to fingers
-Condylar
(adduction/abduction, flexion, extension)

82
Q

Interphalangeal Joints

A

Fingers
- Hinge Joint
(flexion, extension)

83
Q

Hip Joint

A
  • Femoral head of the femur and the acetabulum of the os coxa
  • Ball and Socket
  • Labrum extends the size of the acetabulum
84
Q

The knee joint must…(4)

A
  1. Support body mass
  2. Have up to 160 degrees of motion
  3. Be unobstructed by muscle (like hip)
  4. Lack strong yet limiting ligaments
85
Q

The 2 Knee Joints

A
  1. Tibiofemoral Joint

2. Patellofemoral Joint

86
Q

Tibiofemoral Joint

A

Hinge Joint

Flexion, extension, some rotation

87
Q

Patellofemoral Joint

A
  • Planar joint

sliding

88
Q

Talocrural Joint (3)

A
  1. Tibiotalar
  2. Tibiofibular
  3. Fibulotalar
    - dorsi and plantarflexion
89
Q

Intertarsal Joint

A

Planar joints between tarsals

90
Q

Tarsometatarsal Joint

A

Plane joints between tarsals and metatarsals

91
Q

Metatarsophalangeal Joint

A

Condylar joints between metatarsals and digits

92
Q

Interphalangeal Joints

A

Hinge joints in digits

93
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular and the types of movements?

A

Hinge. Elevation/depression, lateral gliding, protraction/retraction.

94
Q

What are the land marks that articulate the temporomandibular joint?

A

Condylar process of mandible and mandibular fossa of temporal bone.

95
Q

What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital and the types of movement?

A

Condylar. Flexion/extension.

96
Q

What are the land marks that articulate the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Articular facets of atlas and occipital condyles of the occipital bone.

97
Q

What type of joint is the atlanto-axial and the types of movement.

A

Pivot. Rotation.

98
Q

What are the land marks that articulate the atlanto-axial joint?

A

Facet for dens of atlas and dens of axis.

99
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular and the types of movement?

A

Planar. Slight gliding.

100
Q

What are the land marks that articulate the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromion of the scapula and acromion end of clavicle.

101
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral and the types of movement?

A

Ball-and-Socket. Flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction, rotation.

102
Q

What are the land marks that articulate the glenohumeral joint.

A

Glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus.

103
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar and types of movement?

A

Pivot. Rotation.

104
Q

What are the land marks that articulate the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna.

105
Q

What type of joint is the distal radioulnar and types of movement?

A

Pivot. Supination/pronation.

106
Q

What are the land marks that articulate the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Head of ulna and ulnar notch of the radius.

107
Q

What type of joint is the radiocarpal and the types of movement?

A

Condylar. Flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, and circumduction.

108
Q

What are the land marks that articulate the radiocarpal joint?

A

The distal articular surface of the radius and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum.

109
Q

What type of joint is the sacro-iliac and the types of movement?

A

Planar. Gliding movements.

110
Q

What are the land marks that articulate the sacro-iliac joint?

A

Auricular surface of sacrum and auricular surface of the ilium.

111
Q

What are the ligaments of the shoulder? (5)

A

Coracoacromial, acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular, glenohumeral, and coracohumeral.

112
Q

What are the ligaments of the elbow? (3)

A

Annular, ulnar collateral, radial collateral.

113
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip? (3)

A

iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral.

114
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee? (7)

A

Tibial (medial) collateral, fibular (lateral) collateral, anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, patellar ligament, medial meniscus, and lateral meniscus.

Anatomy (24 decks)

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