Smell Flashcards
The Olfactory epithelium is a ____ of ____ ____ _____which _____ around half of the ______
a sheet of olfactory receptor neurons which lines around half the nasal cavity
Dogs have _____ olfactory cells compared to only ____ in the human nose
Dogs have 230 million olfactory cells compared to only 10 or 11 in the human nose
Olfactory receptors coat the _____, which protrude from olfactory neurons into the mucus of the nasal cavity, where they are exposed to __ ___, and ____ in mucus layer
Olfactory receptors coat the cilia, which protrude from the olfactory neurons into the mucus of the nasal cavity, where they are exposed to odor molecules and dissolve in the mucus layer
The ___ ____ in the cilia allow us to smell particular odors
receptor proteins
Each receptor neuron expresses a single ____ on its cilia surface
protein
Neurons in the central olfactory system are distributed across the olfactory epithelium project via _____ which form ____ in the ____ _____
Neurons in the central olfactory system are distributed across the olfactory epithelium project via their axons which form glomeri in the olfactory bulb
In the ___ olfactory system, glomeruli are important way stations in the pathway from the nose to the ____ ____ and have been found to be critical for ____ _____ ____
In the central olfactory system, glomeruli are important way stations in the pathway from the nose to the olfactory cortex and have been found to be critical for odorant signal transduction
Mitral cells in the ____ _____send their axons to a number of brain areas, including the ___ ____, the ____ ____, and the _____.
Mitral cells in the olfactory bulb send their axons to a number of brain areas, including the piriform cortex, the entorhinal cortex, and the amygdala.
Three types of cells in the olfactory bulb are ___, ___, and ____.
Mitral, peroglomerular, and tufted cells
From the olfactory bulb, the ____ ____ ___ projects to the _____ ____.
lateral olfactory tract projects to the piriform cortex
Axons from the olfactory cortex, also known as the ____ cortex, project to the _____, ___, and ___ ____ ___. These regions involve emotion, memory, and value, hence the subjective feelings of smell we possess.
Pyriform cortex - projects to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and orbital frontal cortex
Activity in the _____ increased when watching pornography (a region involved in sexual arousal)
hypothalamus
Wild house mice rely on a diverse set of specially evolved proteins in their urine, called ___ ____ ____ to identity ____ in order to __ ____ ___ __.
Wild house mice rely on a diverse set of specially evolved proteins in their urine, called major urinary proteins (MUPs) to identify relatives in order to avoid mating with them.
Bees can recognize relatives by the ___ ____ allele, and thus do not kill them
green beard
In synesthesia, letters may trigger the sensation of _____, words might trigger ____, music may trigger of ____ and ___.
Letters may trigger texture, words might trigger tastes, and music may trigger shapes and colors
