Development

Question 0

What is Lenneberg famous for?

Answer 0

Critical Period Hypothesis (5 to puberty)

Question 1

Genes: The forkhead box protein P2: mutations of FOXP2 cause a severe ____

Answer 1

speech and language syndrome

Question 2

We come into the world with a brain that allows us to organize information acquired through our experiences. This creates a gradual ____ of ___ ___.

Answer 2

Gradual localization of cognitive processes

Question 3

Nature gives us the hardware and ________ gives us the ______

Answer 3

environment gives us the software

Question 4

At the time of fertilization, the baby is called a _____, at the 1st week, a ____ (during which ___ ____ occurs), at the 2nd week, a ______, during which the ____ _____and ___ ____ ____.

Answer 4

At the time of fertilization, the baby is called a zygote, at the 1st week, a blastocyst, during which cell division occurs, at the 2nd week, a gastula, during which the germ layers and germ cells form.

Question 5

The three germs layers formed during gastrulation are the, ______, the ____, and the _____.

Answer 5

ectoderm (outlayer), mesoderm (middle layer), and the endoderm (the internal layer)

Question 6

Germ layers: the ectoderm the ____, ____, ____, and ____ are formed

Answer 6

Skin, CNS, neurons, and facial tissue/bones are formed

Question 7

Germ layer: Mesoderm: the ____ and _____ are formed, as well as testes/ovaries, kidneys, muscle, bone, connective tissue

Answer 7

heart and blood (circulatory system)

Question 8

Germ layer: Endoderm- _____ _____ are formed including ___, ____, and ____, as well as the lungs and thyroid

Answer 8

digestive organs are formed, including the stomach, liver, pancreas, and intestines

Question 9

The neural plate emerges at the end of the ____ week, this is referred to as _____

Answer 9

second week, neuralation

Question 10

Rate of neuron growth during development of a fetus is ______ per minute

Answer 10

250,000

Question 11

Myelination

Answer 11

formation of a myelin sheath around a nerve fiber

Question 12

synaptogenesis

Answer 12

the elaboration or formation of synapses during development

Question 13

synaptic pruning

Answer 13

reduction of synapses, leaving more efficient synaptic configurations

Question 14

gyrification

Answer 14

refers to both the process and the extent of the folding of the cerebral cortex as s consequence of brain growth during embryonic and early postnatal development

Question 15

Cell proliferation and migration occurs ___ to ___ months before birth

Answer 15

2 and 8

Question 16

The peak of myelination in the sensorimotor cortex occurs at ________

Answer 16

2 months old

Question 17

The peak of myelination in the parietal and temporal association cortices occurs at around ____

Answer 17

8 months of age

Question 18

Myelination in the prefrontal cortex peaks at around ____

Answer 18

2 years of age

Question 19

Brain weight peaks at about (1.3 kg) at the age of ___

Answer 19

20 years

Question 20

The volume of parietal gray matter peaks at around ____

Answer 20

10-12 (later for males)

Question 21

The volume of frontal gray matter peaks at around __

Answer 21

11-12 years (later for males)

Question 22

The the volume of temporal gray matter peaks at around ___

Answer 22

17

Question 23

The volume of white matter peaks at ____

Answer 23

Doesn’t peak - continues to grow

Question 24

Piaget’s theory of development is based on the idea that the developing child builds ____ ____ aka ___ to understand and respond the physical environment

Answer 24

cognitive structures, schemes

Question 25

Child’s cognitive structures ___ with development

Answer 25

increase

Question 26

According to Piaget, developmental stages are ____ and ____

Answer 26

invariant (there is no skipping stages) and universal (culture does not impact stages)

Question 27

What are the four stages in Piaget’s theory of development (and what ages do they occur)?

Answer 27

1. Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years old)
2. Preoperational Stage (2-7 years old)
3. Concrete operational (7-11 years old)
4. Formal operational stage (11-15 years old)

Question 28

What are the six stages of the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 28

1. Reflexes
2. Focus on self (1-4 mo.s)
3. Focus on outside world (4-8 mo.s)
4. Goal oriented behavior (8-12 mo.s)
5. Explore object’s potential (12-18 mo.s)
6. Mental combinations, representations (18 mo.s-24 mo.s)

Question 29

According to Piaget, object permanence develops at the end of the _______

Answer 29

sensorimotor stage (18-24 months)

Question 30

During the preoperational stage, intelligence is demonstrated through the use of ______, language use matures, memory and imagination are developed and thinking is done in a non-logically reversible manner, _____ thinking predominates.

Answer 30

During the preoperational stage, intelligence is demonstrated through the use of symbols, language use matures, memory and imagination are developed and thinking is done in a non-logically reversible manner, and ego-centric thinking predominates.

Question 31

During the _____, children can mentally carry out actions, and intelligence is demonstrated through logical and systematic manipulation of symbols related to concrete objects. They are able to pass the conservation task. Egocentric thought diminishes.

Answer 31

Concrete operational stage (7-11 years)

Question 32

During this stage, intelligence is demonstrated through the logical use of symbols related to abstract objects. Children formulate hypotheses about logical relations. Not everybody makes it to this stage.

Answer 32

Formal operational stage (11-15 yrs)

Question 33

Onset age for impulse control disorders

Answer 33

5-14

Question 34

Onset age for anxiety disorders

Answer 34

5-20

Question 35

Onset age for substance abuse disorders

Answer 35

13-25

Question 36

Onset age for mood disorders

Answer 36

14-37

Question 37

Schizophrenia onset age

Answer 37

12-23

Question 38

Which mood disorders have the earliest onset?

Answer 38

impulse control disorders and anxiety disorders