Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Bone of brachium
A
Humerus
2
Q
Medial bone of antebrachium.
A
Scaphoid
3
Q
Lateral bone of antebrachium.
A
Radius
4
Q
Articulates with sternum.
A
Clavicle
5
Q
Has glenoid fossa and acromion.
A
Scapula
6
Q
Two carpals that articulate with radius.
A
Scaphoid and Lunate
7
Q
Metacarpal that connects to little finger.
A
5th metacarpal
8
Q
Bone that is absent in the thumb.
A
Middle phalanx
9
Q
Bone located deep to fingernail
A
distal phalanx
10
Q
Carpal that articulates with metacarpal of the thumb.
A
Trapezium
11
Q
Most anterior part of os coxae.
A
Pubis
12
Q
Articulates with sacrum.
A
Ilium
13
Q
Most inferior part of os coxae.
A
Ischium
14
Q
Thigh bone.
A
Femur
15
Q
Knee cap
A
patella
16
Q
Medial bone of leg.
A
Tibia
17
Q
Lateral bone of leg.
A
Fibula
18
Q
Tarsal that articulates with tibia.
A
Talus
19
Q
Heel bone.
A
Calcaneus
20
Q
Bone that is absent in the big toe.
A
Middle phalanx
21
Q
How many named bones are there in the entire human skeleton?
A
206
22
Q
Since there are 80 axial bones, how many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?
A
126
23
Q
The pollex is the anatomical term for the:
A
thumb
24
Q
The hallux is the anatomical term for the:
A
big toe
25
Slightly movable joint (general).
amphiarthrosis
26
Freely movable joint.
Diarthrosis
27
Immovable joint (general).
Synarthrosis
28
Example: A tooth in its socket
Gomphosis
29
Fibrous joints.
Suture, Syndesmosis, Gomphosis
30
Has a fibrocartilage pad between bones.
Symphysis
31
Joint between skull bones.
Suture
32
Bones held together by hyaline cartilage.
Synchondrosis
33
Bones connected exclusively by ligaments.
Syndesmosis
34
Cartilaginous joints.
Synchondrosis and Symphysis
35
Fluid filled space between the ends of two bones in a freely movable joint.
joint cavity
36
The highly viscous liquid found in the joint cavity.
Synovial fluid
37
Hyaline cartilage on the ends of articulating bones.
articular cartilage
38
Two layers surrounding the joint cavity – the outer is fibrous and the inner is the synovial membrane.
articular capsule
39
Primarily monitor how much the capsule is being stretched.
Nerve fibers
40
Bandlike regions of fibrous connective tissue that strengthen a joint.
Reinforcing ligaments
41
Flattened sacs containing synovial fluid that are common where joint structures might rub together.
Bursa
42
An elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon that is subjected to friction.
Tendon sheath
43
Pads of fibrocartilage separating the articular surfaces in a joint; occur in the knee and jaw.
Meniscus
44
The primary factors influencing the stability of a particular joint are:
Shape and size of the articulating surfaces
The tone of muscles whose tendons cross the joint
The number and strength of ligaments
45
Which factor is especially important in stabilizing the shoulder and knee joints and the arches of the foot?
The tone of muscles whose tendons cross the joint
46
One flat, or nearly flat, bone surface glides or slips over another.
Examples: Movement between carpal and tarsal bones
gliding
47
A bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together.
Examples: Bending of the head or trunk forward, or the knee to angled position.
Lifting the arm anteriorly from the shoulder.
flexion
48
Movement that increases the angle between the articulating bones.
Examples: Straightening a flexed neck, trunk, elbow of knee. Moving the arm to a position posterior to the shoulder joint.
extension
49
Movement of the trunk or head behind the vertical plane of the body.
hyperextension
50
Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.
| Examples: Lowering an adducted arm or thigh; bringing the fingers together.
adduction
51
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
| Examples: Raising the arm or thigh laterally; spreading the fingers or toes.
abduction
52
Turning of a bone around its own long axis.
| Examples: Shaking the head; twisting the upper arm or thigh.
rotation
53
Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space, with the distal end moving in a circle and the proximal end stationary.
Examples: A pitcher winding up the throwing arm.
circumduction
54
Rotating the forearm laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly.
Examples: Turning the palm up to have something placed in it.
supination
55
Rotating the forearm medially so that the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly.
Examples: Turning the palm down to dribble a ball.
pronation
56
Lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin.
dorsiflexion
57
Pointing the toes.
plantar flexion
58
Turning the sole of the foot laterally.
eversion
59
Turning the sole of the foot medially.
inversion
60
Moving the mandible forward so the lower teeth are in front of the upper teeth.
protraction
61
Moving the mandible backward so that the upper and lower molars align.
retraction
62
Moving an elevated part inferiorly, as when your jaw opens.
depression
63
Moving an elevated part superiorly, as when your jaw closes.
elevation
64
Touching of the thumb to the tips of the other fingers on the same hand.
opposition
65
A biaxial joint in which an oval convex end of one bone fits into an oval depression on another.
condyloid joints
66
A uniaxial joint where concave and convex surfaces form a joint that allows bending.
hinge joints
67
A spherical end of one bone fits into a concave depression on another, allowing for multiaxial motion.
ball-and-socket joints
68
A nonaxial joint in which the bones have flat surfaces that allow a sliding movement.
plane joints
69
A uniaxial joint in which a projection on one bone fits into a depression on another, allowing rotation.
pivot joints
70
A biaxial joint that is found where the first metacarpal articulates with the trapezium.
saddle joints
71
The joint between the humerus and scapula.
ball-and-socket
72
The joints between the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges.
condyloid joints
73
The joints between the wrist bones.
plane joints
74
The joint between the atlas and axis.
pivot joints
75
The joint between the humerus and the ulna.
hinge joints
76
Impairment of the median nerve that often occurs due to repetitive flexing of the hands and wrist.
carpel tunnel syndrome
77
A fracture of the neck of the femur, which is often caused by osteoporosis in the elderly.
hip fracture
78
Because of the bone’s curvature, this type of fracture usually results in the bone breaking outward rather than damaging the important blood vessels that lie deep to it.
clavicular fracture
79
Birth defect in which the either the acetabulum fails to form completely of the ligaments of the hip joint are loose, causing the head of the femur to slip out of its socket.
hip dysplasia
80
A break usually caused by falling on an outstretched hand in which the distal end of the radius is forced proximally into the shaft of the radius.
colles' fracture
81
A fracture that is often caused by repetitive stress on the foot or increasing running mileage too fast.
metatarsal stress fracture
82
A birth defect in which the soles of the feet turn medially and the toes point inferiorly.
clubfoot
83
This type of fracture very often involves the medial and lateral malleoli rather than the tarsal bones.
ankle fractures
84
After dislocation of the jaw and shoulder, this is the most common type of dislocation
elbow dislocation
85
A knee injury that often results either from a lateral blow or from stopping and changing direction quickly.
ACL injuries
86
A dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint, often resulting from falling onto an outstretched hand.
shoulder separation
87
Generally involves the head of the humerus moving forward and downwards.
shoulder dislocation
88
Conditions involving pain in the ear and face, tenderness of the jaw muscles, and popping or clicking noises when the mouth opens, usually caused by painful spasms of the chewing muscles.
TMJ disorders
89
Usually caused by either excessive inversion or extreme dorsiflexion or rotation of the foot.
ankle sprains
90
A condition in which the head of the radius is pulled away from the anular ligament, often caused by pulling on the forearm of a young child.
nursemaid's elbow
91
Procedure in which a patient’s own chondrocytes are cultured in the lab and then grafted onto joint surfaces in order to repair damaged cartilage.
autologous cartilage implantation
92
Often involves damage to a meniscus.
torn cartilage
93
Inflammation of a fluid-filled sac, like those located at the elbow and knee.
bursitis
94
Any one of many inflammatory or degenerative diseases of a joint.
arthritis
95
Inflammation of a tendon sheath.
tendonitis
96
Condition in which the ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn.
sprains
97
An inflammatory disease caused by bacterial organisms transmitted by the bites of deer ticks.
lyme disease
98
Condition in which the bones of a joint are forced out of alignment.
dislocations
99
Extreme joint pain caused by precipitation of uric acid crystals in the synovial membranes.
gouty arthritis
100
A chronic inflammatory disorder caused by an autoimmune response against the molecules present in joints.
rheumatoid arthritis
101
The most common type of arthritis, usually caused by wear and tear on the joints with age.
osteoartritis
