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Human Anatomy > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the female gonad?

A

ovary

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2
Q

The ovaries are held in place by all of the following EXCEPT the:

A

cardinal ligament

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3
Q

The surface of the ovary is covered by the:

A

germinal epithelium

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4
Q

The follicles are located in the _____ of the ovary:

A

cortex

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5
Q

The monthly changes that occur in the ovary.

A

Ovarian cycle

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6
Q

The first half of the ovarian cycle when the follicles mature.

A

Follicular phase

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7
Q

The point in the ovarian cycle when the vesicular follicle ruptures to release an oocyte.

A

Ovulation

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8
Q

The second half of the ovarian cycle when the corpus luteum develops.

A

Luteal phase

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9
Q

The stage follicles are in before birth.

A

Primordial follicle

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10
Q

The follicular stage in which the oocyte is surrounded by a layer of simple cuboidal epithelium.

A

Primary follicle

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11
Q

The follicular stage in which fluid filled spaces begin to form between the granulosa cells.

A

Secondary follicle

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12
Q

The follicular stage in which a large fluid filled antrum has formed and the follicle is ready for ovulation.

A

Vesicular (Graafian) follicle

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13
Q

A thin layer of glycoproteins that forms around the oocyte.

A

Zona pellucida

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14
Q

A layer of cells that surrounds the oocyte in the maturing follicle.

A

Corona radiata

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15
Q

The structure that forms from the remnants of the ruptured vesicular follicle.

A

Corpus luteum

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16
Q

The scar-like structure that replaces the corpus luteum if implantation does not occur.

A

Corpus albicans

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17
Q

Stem cells that give rise to a woman’s oocytes.

A

Oogonia

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18
Q

The oocytes that are present at birth but are arrested in meiosis I.

A

Primary oocytes

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19
Q

The stage an oocyte is in when it is released from the ovary at ovulation.

A

Secondary oocyte

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20
Q

The stage that only forms if fertilization by a sperm occurs.

A

Ovum

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21
Q

At the end of meiosis I of oogenesis, what cells are formed?

A

one secondary oocyte and one polar body

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22
Q

When does a second polar body form?

A

only after a secondary oocyte is fertilized

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23
Q

What hormone is secreted by the mature ovarian follicles?

A

estrogen

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24
Q

What hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum?

A

estrogen and progesterone

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25
Long, thin structures that extend from the uterus to the ovaries; also called Fallopian tubes.
Uterine tubes
26
Ciliated, fingerlike projections on the distal end of the uterine tubes.
Fimbria
27
The organ in which gestation of a fetus normally occurs.
Uterus
28
The rounded upper end of the uterus located superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes.
Fundus
29
The central and largest portion of the uterus.
Body
30
The narrow neck of the uterus that is most inferior.
Cervix
31
The blind-ended peritoneal pouch between the bladder and uterus.
Vesicouterine pouch
32
The blind-ended peritoneal pouch between the rectum and uterus.
Rectouterine pouch
33
The outer serous covering of the uterus; formed from the peritoneum.
Perimetrium
34
The middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting of smooth muscle.
Myometrium
35
The mucosal lining of the uterine cavity.
Endometrium
36
The innermost endometrial layer that undergoes cyclic changes in response to hormones.
Functional layer
37
The deeper endometrial layer that is not shed, but regrows the other layer each month.
Basal layer
38
The thin walled tube that serves as the birth canal.
Vagina
39
The widened upper portion of the vagina that encircles the cervix.
Fornix
40
The incomplete diaphragm that covers the vaginal orifice prior to the first sexual intercourse.
Hymen
41
The uterus is ___ to the bladder.
superior and posterior
42
The ____ is shed each month during menstruation.
functional layer
43
The vagina is lined with:
stratified squamous epithelium
44
Which of these is NOT a correct match of a phase and what occurs during it?
proliferative – growth of corpus luteum
45
What gland secretes FSH and LH?
pituitary
46
The proliferative phase is the time when:
the endometrium rebuilds itself.
47
Where does fertilization of a secondary oocyte normally occur?
in the uterine tube
48
Regrowth of the functional layer from the basal layer.
Estrogen
49
Conversion of the endometrial lining to a secretory mucosa ready for implantation.
Progesterone
50
Ovulation.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
51
Maturation of the ovarian follicles.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
52
Conversion of the ruptured vesicular follicle into the corpus luteum.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
53
The external female genitalia are also called the
vulva and pudendum
54
Which of these is at the anterior end of the vestibule?
clitoris
55
The clitoris is homologous to the male:
glans penis
56
The clitoris contains the female:
corpora cavernosa
57
The diamond-shaped region between the pubic arch anteriorly, the coccyx posteriorly, and the two ischial tuberosities laterally is the:
perineum
58
Fatty, rounded pad overlying the pubic symphysis.
Mons pubis
59
Two long, hair covered fatty folds that are homologous to the male scrotum.
Labia majora
60
The more medial pair of folds around the vestibule composed of thin, hairless skin.
Labia minora
61
The lengthwise cleft between the labia minora containing the openings of the vagina and urethra.
Vestibule
62
Pea-sized glands on either side of vaginal orifice that secrete lubricating mucus.
Greater vestibular glands
63
A protruding structure just anterior to the vestibule composed largely of erectile tissue.
Clitoris
64
The portion of a mammary gland that actually produces milk is the:
alveoli of the lobules
65
Which structures carry milk to the nipple?
lactiferous ducts
66
The pigmented region around each nipple is the:
areola
67
Dilations of the lactiferous ducts within the areola where milk accumulates are called:
lactiferous sinuses
68
The central protruding structure from which infants suck milk is the:
nipple
69
The breasts of a young girl or a man consist of:
rudimentary ducts
70
What structure allows for oxygenation of fetal blood and absorption of nutrients from the mother?
placenta
71
Which embryonic tissue forms part of the placenta?
chorionic villi
72
Which maternal tissue forms part of the placenta?
decidua basalis
73
What is the decidua capsularis?
Endometrial tissue which grows over the uterine-luminal surface of the implanting blastocyst.
74
The physiological events of labor include 1) separation of the placenta from the uterine wall; 2) regular contractions of the uterus and dilation of the cervix; and 3) forceful uterine contractions expelling the fetus from the womb. In which order do these occur?
2, 3, 1
75
The period of parturition, or actual childbirth, is the _____ stage:
expulsion
76
What is the last stage of labor, which usually occurs 10 to 15 minutes after passage of the fetus through the birth canal?
placental
77
What is the term for a female's first menstrual cycle?
menarche

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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