Fundamentals of Nervous System

Question 1

Consists of nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Answer 1

Motor (efferent) division

Question 2

Consists of motor nerve fibers to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands; it is involuntary; equivalent to the autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

Visceral motor

Question 3

Consists of the brain and spinal cord; functions for integration and as the control center.

Answer 3

Central nervous system

Question 4

Consists of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia; provides communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body.

Answer 4

Peripheral nervous system

Question 5

Consists of nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles; under voluntary control.

Answer 5

Somatic motor

Question 6

Consists of somatic and visceral nerve fibers that conduct impulses from receptors to the CNS.

Answer 6

Sensory (afferent) division

Question 7

The single, long extension from a nerve cell that conducts impulses away from the cell body.

Answer 7

Axon

Question 8

The whitish, fatty covering around some nerve fibers that allows them to conduct impulses faster.

Answer 8

Myelin sheath

Question 9

A type of neuroglia cell that produces the myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS.

Answer 9

Schwann cell

Question 10

Diffusely branching extensions from the cell body that are the main receptive or input regions.

Answer 10

Dendrite

Question 11

Supporting cells of the nervous system.

Answer 11

Neuroglia

Question 12

The portion of a nerve cell where the nucleus is located and most metabolic processes occur.

Answer 12

Cell body

Question 13

The site at which neurons communicate across a narrow gap between the cells.

Answer 13

Synapse

Question 14

Regions in the nervous system that are composed primarily of myelinated nerve fibers.

Answer 14

White matter

Question 15

A highly specialized cell that conducts nerve impulses from one part of the body to another.

Answer 15

Neuron

Question 16

The gap that exists in the myelin sheath between adjacent Schwann cells on myelinated fibers.

Answer 16

Node of Ranvier

Question 17

The cell whose axon terminal releases neurotransmitter into the synapse.

Answer 17

Presynaptic neuron

Question 18

Regions composed primarily of unmyelinated nerve fibers and cell bodies.

Answer 18

Gray matter

Question 19

The cell which receives information across a synapse.

Answer 19

Postsynaptic neuron

Question 20

A cable-like organ in the PNS that consists of many axons bundled together.

Answer 20

Nerve

Question 21

Any long axon.

Answer 21

Nerve fiber

Question 22

Has one axon and one dendrite.

Answer 22

Bipolar

Question 23

Has many dendrites and one axon.

Answer 23

Multipolar

Question 24

Appears to have only one process.

Answer 24

Unipolar

Question 25

Forms most sensory neurons.

Answer 25

Unipolar

Question 26

Found in retina and cochea.

Answer 26

Bipolar

Question 27

Includes most of the motor neurons.

Answer 27

Multipolar

Question 28

Located entirely in CNS.

Answer 28

Interneurons

Question 29

Carry impulses away from CNS.

Answer 29

Motor

Question 30

Carry impulses towards CNS.

Answer 30

Sensory

Question 31

Have cell body in PNS.

Answer 31

Sensory

Question 32

Have cell body in CNS.

Answer 32

Motor and Interneurons

Question 33

Also called association neurons.

Answer 33

Interneurons

Question 34

Also called efferent neurons.

Answer 34

Motor

Question 35

Also called afferent neurons.

Answer 35

Sensory

Question 36

Phagocytic cells

Answer 36

Microglia

Question 37

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia

Answer 37

Satellite cells

Question 38

Line the ventricles; help form CSF

Answer 38

Ependymal cells

Question 39

Make myelin in PNS

Answer 39

Schwann cells

Question 40

Make myelin in CNS

Answer 40

Oligodendrocytes

Question 41

Control concentration of ions and neurotransmitters; form blood-brain barrier

Answer 41

Astrocytes

Question 42

The outer covering around an entire nerve.

Answer 42

Epineurium

Question 43

The lipoprotein covering around an axon that is made by a Schwann cell.

Answer 43

Myelin sheath

Question 44

The most external layer of a Schwann cell as it wraps around a neuron.

Answer 44

Neurilemma

Question 45

A group of axons bundled together.

Answer 45

Fascicle

Question 46

The connective tissue around the myelin sheath of an axon.

Answer 46

Endoneurium

Question 47

A nerve fiber.

Answer 47

Axon

Question 48

The connective tissue layer that surrounds a fascicle.

Answer 48

Perineurium

Question 49

Site where the stimulus acts and initiates the steps of the reflex arc.

Answer 49

Step 1: Receptor

Question 50

Carries information from the body to the integration center.

Answer 50

Step 2: Sensory neuron

Question 51

Usually an interneuron that serves as a link between afferent and efferent neurons.

Answer 51

Step 3: Integration center

Question 52

Carries impulse from integration center to a muscle or gland.

Answer 52

Step 4: Motor neuron

Question 53

Responds to impulses by contracting or secreting.

Answer 53

Step 5: Effector

Question 54

True or False: In general, neurons do not divide after the fetal period.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Which has the best chance of healing?

Answer 55

a PNS nerve fiber

Question 56

Regrowth of regenerating nerve fibers is guided by the:

Answer 56

neurilemma

Question 57

What happens to the portion of a nerve fiber distal to the site of injury?

Answer 57

it degenerates and is engulfed by macrophages

Question 58

How quickly does the regenerating end of an axon grow?

Answer 58

1.5 mm/day

Question 59

Why don’t neurons in the CNS regenerate when damaged?

Answer 59

both a and b are true a) The neuroglia don't form bands to guide the regrowing axons. b) The neuroglia secrete growth inhibiting chemicals.

Question 60

An autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin around axons in the CNS, leading to sensory disorders and weakened musculature.

Answer 60

Multiple sclerosis

Question 61

Extremely painful disorder caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve of the face.

Answer 61

Tic douloureux

Question 62

Responsible for 60% of tumors that originate in the brain.

Answer 62

Gliomas