Bones and Skeletal Tissues

Question 1

Parietal bone

Answer 1

flat

Question 2

Calcaneus

Answer 2

short

Question 3

Humerus

Answer 3

long

Question 4

Coxal (hip) bone

Answer 4

irregular

Question 5

patella

Answer 5

short

Question 6

Sternum

Answer 6

flat

Question 7

Atlas

Answer 7

irregular

Question 8

fibula

Answer 8

long

Question 9

Articular cartilage

Answer 9

Hyaline cartilage that covers the end of one bone where it articulates with another bone.

Question 10

Spongy bone

Answer 10

bone material that consists of a network of trabeculae with much open space.

Question 11

Compact bone

Answer 11

bone material that consists of osteons packed tightly together.

Question 12

diaphysis

Answer 12

the central shaft of a long bone

Question 13

Medullary cavity

Answer 13

the space in the center of the shaft of a long bone

Question 14

Proximal epiphysis

Answer 14

the end of a long bone closest to the attachment point to the trunk.

Question 15

distal epiphysis

Answer 15

the end of a long bone farthest from the attachment point to the trunk.

Question 16

epiphyseal line

Answer 16

the band of compact bone located at the point where the diaphysis and epiphysis meets; site where lengthwise growth occurred during childhood and puberty.

Question 17

periosteum

Answer 17

the membrane located around the outside of a bone.

Question 18

Endosteum

Answer 18

the membrane that lines the medullary cavity and central canals and covers trabeculae.

Question 19

yellow bone marrow

Answer 19

the fatty material that fills the medullary cavity.

Question 20

lamella

Answer 20

a ring of bone within an osteon.

Question 21

central canal

Answer 21

a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.

Question 22

canaliculus

Answer 22

thin tubes in the matrix connecting osteocytes.

Question 23

osteon

Answer 23

a system of concentric rings of bone surrounding a central canal.

Question 24

lacuna

Answer 24

a space occupied by an osteocyte.

Question 25

osteoblast

Answer 25

cell that forms a new bone tissue.

Question 26

osteoclast

Answer 26

cell that breaks down bone tissue

Question 27

osteocyte

Answer 27

cell that maintains existing bone tissue

Question 28

Skull bones generally form by

Answer 28

intramembranous ossification

Question 29

Long bones generally form by

Answer 29

endochondral ossification

Question 30

Before ossification begins most of a fetus's bones are originally made of

Answer 30

hyaline cartilage

Question 31

During endochondral ossification the first place that bone forms is the

Answer 31

periosteal collar around the outside of the diaphysis.

Question 32

Where do secondary ossification centers form?

Answer 32

epiphyses

Question 33

What structure allows for further bone growth after birth?

Answer 33

epiphyseal plate

Question 34

The chondrocytes undergoing mitosis in the epiphyseal plate are located

Answer 34

on the diaphysis side

Question 35

Ossification at the epiphyseal plate occurs:

Answer 35

on the diaphysis side

Question 36

once the epiphyseal line ossifies, bones:

Answer 36

stop growing in length

Question 37

closure of the epiphyseal plate occurs at about the age of

Answer 37

18-21

Question 38

In appositional growth osteoblasts are most active on the

Answer 38

outside

Question 39

In appositional growth osteoclasts are most active on the

Answer 39

inside

Question 40

True or false: Bone tissue is fairly static and doesn't grow or change much in adults.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

Hematoma formation

Answer 41

Step 1: involves formation of a blood clot

Question 42

fibrocartilaginous callus formation

Answer 42

Step 2: involves formation of granulation tissue made of collagen and cartilage

Question 43

bony callous formation

Answer 43

step 3: involves formation of bony trabeculae by osteoblasts

Question 44

bone remodeling

Answer 44

step 4: continues long after cast if removed

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT correct match between a structure and the type of cartilage from which it is made?

Answer 45

costal cartilages- fibrocartilage

Question 46

The layer of dense irregular connective tissue around the outside of a cartilage is the

Answer 46

perichondrium

Question 47

Growth of cartilage from within through the active secretion of matrix by chondrocytes is

Answer 47

interstitial growth

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Answer 48

coordination

Question 49

Bones that form in tendons in response to stress are called

Answer 49

sesamoid bones

Question 50

Vertebrae are an example of which type of bone?

Answer 50

irregular

Question 51

Which type of bone tissue lacks Haversian systems (osteons) and instead has trabeculae?

Answer 51

spongy

Question 52

The ends of a long bone are referred to as the:

Answer 52

epiphyses

Question 53

Which cells break down the bone matrix?

Answer 53

Osteclasts

Question 54

How do bones respond to mechanical stress?

Answer 54

bones grow thicker where there is the most stress

Question 55

In compact bone, the matrix is laid down in concentric rings called

Answer 55

lamellae

Question 56

The openings in bone tissue which connect two central canals are called

Answer 56

Volkmann's canals

Question 57

Bone matrix is composed of

Answer 57

collagen and calcium phosphate salts

Question 58

flat bones like those in the skull are formed by the process of

Answer 58

intramembranous ossification

Question 59

When bones develop from hyaline cartilage models in the fetus, which of the following events occurs THIRD?

Answer 59

formation of a secondary ossification center

Question 60

Which type of cell is found in large numbers in the periosteum where they aid in appositional growth?

Answer 60

osteoblast

Question 61

Which of these is the THIRD step in healing of a bone fracture?

Answer 61

formation of a bony callus

Question 62

Spiral

Answer 62

Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone. Common sports fracture

Question 63

Comminuted

Answer 63

bone fragments into three or more pieces Common in the aged (bones more brittle)

Question 64

Depressed

Answer 64

Broken bone portion is pressed inward Typical of skull fractures

Question 65

Compression

Answer 65

bone is crushed Common in porous bones subjected to extreme trauma

Question 66

Epiphyseal

Answer 66

Epiphysis separates from diaphysis along epiphyseal plate.

Question 67

Greenstick

Answer 67

bone breaks incompletely. Only one side of shaft breaks; the other side bends. Common in children.

Question 68

Rickets

Answer 68

"Soft bone" disease in children, in which the leg bones are bowed and there are often malformations of the head and rib cage. Very common during the Industrial Revolution

Question 69

Osteosarcoma

Answer 69

Cancer of bone tissue that usually originates in the long bones of the upper or lower limb, but then often metastasizes to the lungs.

Question 70

Osteomalacia

Answer 70

A group of disorders in adults in which bones are poorly mineralized, causing the bones to soften and waken.

Question 71

Osteoporosis

Answer 71

Characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of the microscopic anatomy of the bony skeleton, so bones become porous and light. Occurs most often in the elderly. Often results in bone breaks, especially compression fractures of the vertebrae and breaks of the neck of the femur.

Question 72

Paget's disease

Answer 72

Disease in which there is an excessive rate of bone deposition and bone resorption resulting in formation of much immature, woven bone rather than compact bone. Generally occurs after age 40.

Question 73

Rickets and Osteomalacia

Answer 73

Caused by inadequate amounts of vitamin D and calcium in the diet; cured by drinking vitamin D- fortified milk and exposure to light.

Question 74

Achondroplasia

Answer 74

A congenital defect in cartilage growth and endochondral ossification that results in dwarfism.