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Physiology > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

what is the functions of the eyelid?

A
  • protect the eye from exposure and excessive illumination

- retain moisture and spread lacrimal fluid

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2
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

external eye lid is covered with this membrane of skin

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3
Q

what is the inner eye lid covered with?

A

transparent palpebral conjuctiva

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4
Q

what is deep to the palpebral conjuntiva?

A

transparent bulbar conjunctiva which is loosely connected to the eye

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5
Q

what is found in between palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva?

A

layer of conjunctival sac which is bursa-like to allow smooth movements

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6
Q

Where does the lacrimal glands lie?

A

on the lateral portion of the eye in the lacrimal fossa of the sphenoid

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7
Q

what is lacrimal fluid?

A

saline fluid with lysozyme (enzyme)

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8
Q

how does the fluid drain into the lacrimal sac in the lacrimal fossa of the lacrimal bone?

A

through canals

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9
Q

what does the fluid go through to get from lacrimal sac to the nasal meatus to the nasal conchae?

A

via nasolacrimal duct

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10
Q

the fibrous layer surrounding the eye is comprised of what?

A

opaque sclera posteriorly

transparent cornea anteriorly

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11
Q

what is the intermediate layer comprised of?

A

choroid
ciliary body
colored iris

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12
Q

where is the intermediate layer choroid located?

A

posterior and laterally

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13
Q

what is the ciliary body?

A

attaches to the lens and affects the thickness of the lens to focus

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14
Q

where is the colored iris?

A

anteriorly on the surface of the lens

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15
Q

what is the central aperture of the iris called?

A

pupil

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16
Q

what are the two muscles that control the diameter of the pupil?

A

sphincter pupillae- parasympathetically inneravted to constrict
dilator pupillae- sympathetically innervated to dilate

17
Q

which is anterior and posterior: Cornea and Sclera?

A

cornea- anterior

sclera- posterior

18
Q

what is the inner layer of the eye comprised of?

A

the retina

19
Q

what is the posterior aspect of the retina known as? and what does it house?

A

macula lutea

houses the cones

20
Q

what do cones in the macula lutea do?

A

photoceptivors for color

21
Q

where are the rods housed?

A

remainder of the photosensitive retina

22
Q

whats the major difference between cones and rods?

A

much more rods than cones

  • rods are more sensitive to light then cones
  • rods only detect gray scale
23
Q

how does the CN II enter the eye?

A

posteriorly and is continuous with the retina

24
Q

what foramen does the optic nerve CN II pass through to innervate the eye?

A

optic canal

25
Q

which muscle elevates the eyelids? and innervation?

A

levator palpabre

CN III oculomotor

26
Q

what muscle elevates the eye?

A

Superior rectus CN III

27
Q

what muscle adducts the eye?

A

medial rectus CN III

28
Q

what muscle depresses the eye?

A

inferior rectus CN III

29
Q

what muscle elevates an already adducted eye?

A

inferior oblique CN III

30
Q

what muscle abducts the eye?

A

lateral rectus innervated by the abducent nerve CN VI

31
Q

what other muscle elevates the eye and not innervated by the CN III

A

superior oblique innervated by trochlear CN IV

32
Q

what are the possible motions done by the superior oblique muscle on the eye?

A

DAM
Depress
Abduct
Medially rotate the eye

33
Q

what is the main confusing function of the superior oblique?

A

main fuction is to depress the already adducted eye

34
Q

what are the possible motions done by the inferior oblique muscle on the eye?

A

AEL
Abduct
Elevate
Laterally rotate the eye

35
Q

what is the main confusing function of the inferior oblique?

A

main function is to elevate an adducted eye

Physiology (6 decks)

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