Chapter 4: Tissues Flashcards
(103 cards)
0
Q
Study of tissues
A
Histology
1
Q
Groups of cells that work together
A
Tissues
2
Q
4 types of tissues:
A
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Neural
3
Q
What covers the surface inside and out
A
Epithelial
4
Q
Secrete waste products and hormones
A
Glandular
5
Q
Characteristics of epithelial tissue
A
Cellularity (tightly packed cells)
Attachment
Avascular
Regenerative
6
Q
Functions of epithelial tissue:
A
Protects from impact of friction
Controls what enters and leaves
Provides sensation
Creates secreations
7
Q
2 regions of epithelial cell:
A
Basolateral-bottom, deep-connects to underling tissues
Apical-surface
8
Q
Part that is exposed to surface
A
Apical
9
Q
Structures of epithelia:
A
Microvilli-increased surface area for absorption
Stereocilia-
Ciliated epithilium-
10
Q
What are the shapes of the epithelia?
A
Squamous-flat
Cuboidal-square
Columnar-rectangular
11
Q
What are the layers in the epithelia?
A
Simple-secretes and absorbs
Stratified-many layers
12
Q
Simple squamous-
Stratified squamous-
A
Secretes and absorbs (ex:lung)
Multiple layers of flat cells (Ex:skin)
13
Q
- Single layer of square cells (glands,ducts); limited protections, sensation, absorption
- Protection, many layers (ex:lining of ducts)
- change in thickness due to stretching (ex:urinary bladder)
A
Simple cuboidal-
Stratified cuboidal-
Transitional cuboidal
14
Q
- single layer of rectangular cells secretes and absorbs (ex:lining of small intestines)
- single layer but looks layered, many different cells mixed together (ex:trachea)
- protections, multiple layers of abrasion (ex:salivary gland, ducts)
A
Simple columnar
Pseudostatified
Stratified columnar
15
Q
- Secretes Hormones to the inside of the body, no glandular ducts.
- regulate and coordinate body activities.
- example:pancreas, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrinal glands
A
Endocrine
Hormones
16
Q
Release material to the outside of the body; have ducts.
-ex:sweat gland, oil glands, tear ducts
A
Exocrine
17
Q
Modes of secretions:
- no cell damage, release sac/vesicles of material
- release materials with some cytoplasm; cell survives
- cell explodes/destroyed when released (ex:hair and skin)
A
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine
18
Q
Types of secretion:
- usually enzymes;water secretion
- thick lubricator
- watery with lubricator as a combination
A
Serous
Mucous
Mixed
19
Q
What are the 3 parts all connective tissues have?
A
1) specialized cell
2) fiber
3) ground substance
20
Q
Functions of connective tissue:
A
Framework-bones Transports-blood Protects-cartilage, bone, fat Supports other tissues Stores energy Defines against infection
21
Q
Has a thick ground substance; many different types of cells and fibers
Example:fats, tendons, ligaments
A
Connective tissue proper
22
Q
Connective tissue proper can be:
A) fibers create loose, open framework (fat)
B) fibers densely packed
A
Loose
Dense
23
Q
Watery matrix, specific cells;protects and supports;
- _____~contained in circulatory system
- ____~contained in the lymphatic system
A
Fluid connective tissue
Blood
Lymph
24
Support and densely packed fibers
* ____~solid, rubbery matrix
* ____~solid, crystalline matrix
Supporting connective tissue
Cartilage
Bone
25
Deep, connects to underlining tissues
Basolateral
26
What are the structures of epithelial cell?
Microvilli
Stereocilia
Ciliatated epithilium
27
Small, increased surface area for absorption
Microvilli
28
Large, picks up vibration in ears
Stereocilia
29
Medium, (cilia), moved stuff on surface of cell
Ciliated epithilium
30
Multiple layers of flat cells, example: skin
Stratified squamous
31
3 parts to connective tissue
Cell
Fiber
Grand substance
32
make the ground substances, most abundant
Fibroblasts
33
destroys damaged cells, or pathogens
- shows up early
- signals immune system
Macrophages
34
fat cells cushion and insulate
Adipocytes
35
stem cells, producing new tissue
Mesenchymal
36
causes swelling, release hystomenes and hephran
Mast cells
37
form plasma cells. Defend against disease
Lymphocytes
38
makes antibodies
Plasma cells
39
small eater eats away scar tissue, thick straight, strong. Give strength (collagen)
Microphages
40
Connective tissue fibers:
- gives strength
- net like thin, holds structures together
- thin fibers that branch (split), stretch, bounce back, very flexible
Collagen
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers
41
Fills the area between the cells and fibers
Ground substance
42
Embryonic connective tissue:
| -first tissue to form in fetus and adults after injury; only found in embryo
Mesenchyme
43
Fills area between organs
Loose connective tissues
44
Loose connective tissues:
| -separates skin from deeper layers
Areolar tissue
45
Loose connective tissue:
-fat cells
• ______harder to burn
• ______burns faster
Adipose tissue
White fat
Brown fat
46
Loose connective tissue:
| -this stabilizes organs of the body. Sheets of tissue cargo net
Reticular tissue
47
Tightly packed
Dense connective tissue
48
Tendons, ligaments, mostly collagen goes strong one way
Dense regular connective tissue
49
Mostly collagen, no regular pattern, resist forces from other directions
Dense irregular connective tissue
50
Sheets of tendon-carries and transports
Aponeurosis
51
Fluid connective tissues:
- transports around the body
- purify tissue by removing toxins as excess water
Blood
| lymph
52
Red blood cells; transports
Erythrocytes
53
Fights infection; white blood cells
Leukocytes
54
Thrombocytes, clotter of blood
Platelets
55
Liquid portion of blood
Plasma
56
Give support/bone cartilage
Supporting connective tissue
57
Made up of condrocytes ground substance-conjoin
Cartilage
58
Cartilage cell
Chondrocytes
59
Outer protective covering
Perichondrium
60
A vascular, ground substance
Chondroitin sulfate
61
Cartilage growth:
- new cells inside; old cells outside (knee joint)
- old cells deep-young outside
Interstitial
| Appositional
62
Types of cartilage:
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
63
Most common, main jobs: reduce friction, gives support
Hyaline cartilage
64
Elastic fibers-very flexible- ear flap
Elastic cartilage
65
Toughest of all cartilage-pure collagen fibers, shocks absorbers
-vertebrae
Fibrocartilage
66
Osteocytes, outer covering periosteum, blood is getting there vascular
Bone
67
Bone cells-solid
Osteocytes
68
Rings in bone tissue
Lamellae
69
Caverns/openings in bone cells are found in
Lucunae
70
Connections between bone cells/Lucunae-allows communication
Canaliculi
71
Protects outside of bone
Periosteum
72
No known cause of cure; immune system; auto antibodies, inflammation; butterfly rash, attacks mostly women, pain in chest, light sensitivity
Systemic lupus
73
Bending fingers, thickening of tendons and ligaments of the fingers and Palm, lumps on skin, treatment:enzyme injection
Dupentrey contractor
74
Localized scleroderma. Purple, red, hardens, temporary
Morphia
75
Hyper mobility of the joints. Extremely flexible. Stretchy skin, loose skin and joints, hyper mobility of joints
EDS
76
White blood cells attack moisture producing glands, tear ducts, most occur in women, vision loss due to lubrication loss
Sjorgen syndrome
77
Tightening of tissue in the lower back vertebrae, affects lower spine, form of arthritis
Anklosing spondylitis
78
Little fibrous fatty cysts, growth of fat cells, tense skin
Lipomas
79
Skin hardens gets tight. Auto immune disease, genetics, hormones. Lethal
Scleroderma
80
Auto immune disease, immune system attack joints and cause swelling and pain. No cure, deformation
Rheumatoid arthritis
81
Muscle disorder, not contagious, commons in adults, swelling of muscle fiber, lost ability to contract pain, occurs in AA more often in adults
Polymyositis
82
Overlapped syndrome, all auto immune disorders but one takes over. Sunlight and UV exposer can cause
Mixed connective tissue disorder
83
Caused by mutations in collagen gene, in young children
Stickler syndrome
84
Loose skin, circulatory and digestive problems, genetic disorder that breaks down the skin
Cutis laxa
85
Inflammation of blood vessels, genetic disorder or auto immune disorder causes swelling
Vasculitis
86
Line cavities of the body; connected to the outside of the body. Example: mouth, nose, ear
Mucous membrane
87
Line cavities of the body; aren't connected to the outside of the body
Serous membrane
88
Parietal
Wall
89
Visceral
Organ
90
Pleura
Lungs
91
Pericardium
Heart
92
Peritoneum
Belly
93
Skin
Cutaneous membrane
94
Fluid filled capsules that are found around joints
Synovial fluid
95
Disorder where 2 membranes fuse together due to friction
Adhesions
96
Surrounds organs and muscle; supportive tissue
Fasciae
97
Hypodermis, separates skin from deeper tissue mainly fat
Superficial fasciae
98
Surrounds muscle tissue, becomes tendons and ligaments
Deep fasciae
99
Found between serous membranes and deep fasciae
Subserous
100
Voluntary, striated, repairs itself, big cells, more than one nuclei
Skeletal (muscle tissue)
101
Non-voluntary, not repairable, small cell, single nuclei
Cardiac muscle tissue
102
Involuntary, not striated, small cells
Smooth muscle tissue
