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1
Q

Central Nervosus System

A
  1. Brain
  2. Spinal cord

-Control center, processing information and generating responses.

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous Sysem

A
  1. Nerves
  2. Ganglia
  • Sensory and motor
    impulses from the skin and other organs to the spinal cord.
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3
Q

Brain Parts

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brainstem
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4
Q

Cerebrum

A
  1. Voluntary motor function
  2. Conscious thought
  • Contains about 75% of the brain’s total volume
  • Divided into two hemispheres with four lobes
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5
Q

Cerebellum

A
  1. Coordinates balance
  2. Body movements
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6
Q

Brainstem

A
  1. Automatic functions
  2. Consciouness
  • Most protected part of CNS
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7
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Structure of nervous tissue that extends from the base of the brain

  • Carries messages between the brain and the body via the grey and white matter of
    the spinal cord
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8
Q

Meninges

A

Protect and support the central nervous system
- Has 3 layers (DAP)

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9
Q

Dura Matter

A

The tough, outer layer that is attached to the skull

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10
Q

Arachnoid Matter

A

A thin, web-like layer that lies between the dura mater and pia mater.

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11
Q

Pia Matter

A

Delicate, innermost layer that closely adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

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12
Q

Cerebralspinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Protects brain + SC
- Acts as shock absorber
- 125- 150 mL
- Produced in third ventricle

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13
Q

2 Types of Peripheral Nerves

A
  1. Sensory Nerves
  2. Motor Nerves
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14
Q

Sensory Nerves

A

Transmits sensory information from the body to the central nervous system (Brain + SC)

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15
Q

Motor Nerves

A

Transmitting signals from the central nervous system (CNS) to muscles and glands

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16
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Voluntary Nervous System

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17
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Involuntary Nervous System
- Divides into 2 systems (Para and Symp)

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18
Q

Skull

A

Composed of Cranium and Facial bones

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19
Q

4 Major Bones in Cranium

A
  1. Occipital
  2. Temporal
  3. Parietal
  4. Frontal
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20
Q

14 Facial Bones

A
  1. Maxillae
  2. Zygomas
  3. Mandible
  4. Orbit
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21
Q

Spinal Colum Vertebra

A
  1. Cervical- 7
  2. Thoracic- 12
  3. Lumbar- 5
  4. Sacral- 5
  5. Coccygeal- 4
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22
Q

Intervertebral Disks

A

Fibrocartilaginous structures that act as cushions between the vertebrae of the spine

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23
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruising

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24
Q

Mastoid Process

A

Bony projection at base of the skull, behind the ear

  • Part of temporal bone
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25
Linear Skull Fracture
Break in the skull bone that appears as a thin, straight line
26
Depressed Skull Fracture
Bony fracture driven into brain - High impact - Dented (Palpate)
27
Basilar Skull Fracture
Break in one of the bones at the base of the skull - Ear bleeding
28
Open Skull Fracture
Brain tissue exposed to environment
29
Primary (Direct) Injury
Occurs immediately at the moment of impact
30
Secondary (Idirect) Injury
Develops as a consequence of the initial injury,
31
Coup-contrecoup Injury
Dmage occurs both at the site of impact (coup) and on the opposite side of the brain (Countercoup)
32
Increased Intercranial Pressure (ICP)
Increased pressure in skul l - squeezes the brain against forem magnum
33
Signs of ICP
1. Cheyne-Stokes respirations 2. Ataxic (Biot) respiration (Pauses in breathing) 3. Cushing reflex
34
Cushing Reflex
1. Elevaed ICP 2. Hypertention 3. Bradycardia 4. Irregular breathing (Cheyne-Stokes or Biot)
35
Epidural Hematoma
Accumulation of blood between the skull and dura mater
36
Subdural Hematoma
Accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
37
Intracerebral Hematoma
Bleeding within the brain tissue itself
38
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Accumulation of blood between arachnoid and pia matter - Where CSF circulates
39
CSF Location
Subarrachnoid
40
Concussion
Closed injury that results in temporary changes in brain function
41
Contusion
Brain is injured and bleeds due to direct impact/ sudden movement within the skull
42
Compression Injury
Fracture where a vertebra collapses/ compresses due to excessive pressure
43
Hyperextension
Movement of a joint beyond its normal range of motion
44
Neurologic Exam
1. Glas Glow Scale 2. RTS 3. Record level of conciousness
45
Long Backboard
Provide full body spinal immobilization and motion restriction to the head, neck, torso, pelvis, and extremities
46
Tension Pneumothorax S&S
1. Chest pain 2. Tachycardia 3. Respiratory distress 4. Low O2 5. Signs of shock 6. Trachial deviation + JVD
47
Cardiac Temponade S&S
Becks triade
48
CSF
Shock Absorber - Salty taste in throat
49
31 Spinal Nerves
Carry sensory nerves from body + spinal cord + brain
50
12 Cranial Nerves
Emerge from brainstem + transmit info from brain
51
Somatic
Voluntary
52
Autonomic
Involuntary - Vital organ control - brain has no voluntary
53
Repressed Skull Feacture
High-energy impact to head due to blunt trauma
54
Basilar S&S
1. CSF from nose + ear - Rupture of tympanic membrane 2. Racoon eyes 3. Battle signs
55
ICP S&S
1. Cheyne-stokes respiration 2. Ataxic 3. Cushing Reflexes
56
Epidural Hematoma S&S
1. On and off conciousness 2. Pupil side of hematoma is blown 3. Increased ICP
57
Subdural Hematoma
1. ICP 2. On off conciousness 3. Slurred speech
58
Subdural Hemorrhage
1. headache 2. Pupil change 3. ICP 4. Seizure 5. Vomit
59
Concusion
1. Inability to breath for short period 2. Confused 3. Amnesia 4. Slurred speech 5. Ring in ears
60
Head Injury Protocol
1. Establish airway 2. Control bleeding 3. Baseline + monitor
61
Intervetebral Disks
Though structures between joints that act as shock absorber
62
Cerebral Edema
Swelling of brain
63
Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation
Kussmals breathing without acetone smell due to demage to brain and increased ICP
64
Retrograde Amnesia
Not remeber events leading up to head injury
65
Anterograde Amnesia
Not remeber events after injury
66
Axial Loading Injuries
Compressive force is applied along the long axis of a bone or structure, often resulting in fractures or damage
67
Becks Triade
1. Hypotention 2. JVD 3. Muffled heart sounds

EMT (22 decks)

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