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Fundamentals of Nursing > 29 Medication > Flashcards

29 Medication Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

2 drug classifications

A 
1 pharmaceutical class
2 therapeutic class
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2
Q

pharmaceutical class

A

refers to:
1 mechanism of action [MOA]
2 physiologic effect [PE]
3 chemical structure [CS]

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3
Q

therapeutic class

A

refers to clinical indication of drug or therapeutic action

ex) analgesic, antibiotic, antihypertensive

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4
Q

pharmacoKINETICS

A

effects of body on drugs

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5
Q

types of pharmacokinetics

A

1 absorption
2 distribution
3 metabolism
4 excretion

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6
Q

pharmacoDYNAMICS

A

effects of drugs on body

  • drugs turn on, turn off, promote, or block responses
  • can also alter cell structure/environment
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7
Q

types of adverse effects

A
  • allergic rxn
  • drug tolerance
  • toxic effect
  • idiosyncratic effect
  • drug interactions: antagonist/synergist
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8
Q

factors affecting drug action

A
  • dvlptl consideration
  • weight
  • gender
  • genetic/cultural
  • psychological
  • pathology
  • environment
  • timing of administration
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9
Q

therapeutic range

A

concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect wo toxicity

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10
Q

through level

A

point when the drug is at its lowest concentration

-indicates rate of elimination

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11
Q

half life

A

amount of time it takes for 50% of blood concentration of drug to be eliminated fr body

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12
Q

you need a needle for……

A

parenteral (outside the intestines)

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13
Q

NonParenteral Medications

A 
1 Oral
2 Topical
3 Suppositories
4 Ophthalmic
5 Otic
6 Nasal
7 Inhalation
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14
Q

score pills

A

pill w grooves to indicate pill may be split

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15
Q

enteric coated

A

barrier prevents gastric acids in stomach fr dissolving/degrading drugs

DO NOT CUT

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16
Q

extended release, sustained release, time-release, controlled release

A

coated to dissolve more slowly

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17
Q

capsules

A

easier to swallow

-CANNOT OPEN TO ADMINISTER

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18
Q

sublingual vs buccal

A

sublingual goes under tongue
buccal goes bw cheek + gums

DO NOT PROVIDE WATER

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19
Q

elixer vs suspension vs syrup

A

elixir: alcohol + syrup + water + med
syrup: syrup + water + med
suspension: med + suspension (must shake)

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20
Q

ophthalmic

A

lean back, block duct, pull undereye, drop into under eye

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21
Q

Liniment

A

liquid or semi-liquid thats applied to skin w friction + rubbing

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22
Q

Lotion

A
  • meant for external application w/o friction
  • less viscous than liniments
  • works best w less grease on skin
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23
Q

Oil

A

contains oil base

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24
Q

Intradermal

A

administered into dermis right below the epidermis

  • 5-15 degrees
  • used for sensitivity test + localized anesthesia
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25
which has the longest absorption time out of all parenteral routes?
intradermal injection
26
how much is the usual intradermal dosage?
0.5mL | usually a small amount
27
ng tube reasons
1 for suction | 2 feeding
28
Interference
one drug interferes w METABOLISM of another | -leads to build-up of meds and maybe toxicity
29
additive effects
drugs w SIMILAR PHARMACOLOGIC action | ---1+1=2
30
synergistic effects
drugs w different sites or mechanisms of action - --GREATER effects when taken together - ---1+1=4
31
ethnopharmacology
study of indigenous plants
32
bioavailability
portion of drug that reaches systemic circulation
33
pharmacogenetics
difference in responses of patients may result fr genetic differences ex) patient may not have a certain enzyme needed to break down a med
34
Certain ethnic groups/races have more variation in therapeutic dose/adverse effects than others... example
ACE inhibitors are found to be less effective on black patients
35
routine order
carried out as specified until it is canceled by another order
36
standing order
specified set of written orders for ALL hospitalized patients --for practitioners whose practices are limited to a particular clinical area
37
PRN order
as needed | ---when requested or required
38
7 parts of medication order
``` 1 pt. name + 2ndry IDer 2 date + time order was written 3 drug name 4 dosage 5 route 6 frequency 7 provider signature + title ```
39
11 medication RIGHTS
``` 1 drug 2 patient 3 dosage 4 route 5 time 6 reason 7 assessment 8 documentation 9 response 10 to education 11 to refuse ```
40
narcotic dispersal recording requirements
``` 1 patient name 2 amount of substance used 3 hour it was given 4 name of prescriber 5 name of nurse/administer ```
41
when wasting a controlled substance, what is required?
a second nurse to witness the disposal
42
crushing/chewing extended-release meds can result w...
potentially toxic peaks and low troughs
43
how much water do you flush tubes with before/after providing medication?
15-30 mL for adults | 5-10 for kids
44
route of admin on equipment size
IM=longer needle
45
viscosity on equipment size
more viscous=needle w larger lumen
46
quantity on equipment
larger amt=larger syringe
47
body size on equipment size
large body=larger needle
48
what type of clean technique does parenteral injections require?
surgical asepsis
49
ampule
- glass flask w SINGLE DOSE | - requires a FILTER NEEDLE
50
how long do vials usually last for once opened?
usually 24 hrs to prevent microbes
51
vial procedures
wipe w alcohol, insert air (same amt as needed), label w date + time
52
basal insulin
-covers body's basal metabolic needs
53
basal insulin examples
- glargine - detemir - NPH
54
prandial/preprandial insulin
to prevent postpandrial (after meal) hyperglycemia
55
prandial/preprandial insulin examples
- lispro | - aspart
56
which insulins CANNOT be mixed with other insulins
glargine + detemir
57
U100 contains...
100 units per mL
58
TB test or allergy test usually uses which injection?
intradermal injections
59
what is the max amount to inject subQ
usually no more than 1 mL
60
subcutaneous injections
- into adipose, under epidermis + dermis - slow + sustained rt of absorption - 45-90 degree
61
recommended IM sites for infants/toddlers?
vastus lateralis
62
recommended IM sites for adults?
ventrogluteal + deltoids
63
recommended IM sites for children?
vastus lateralis or deltoids
64
recommended IM sites for irritating medication?
ventrogluteal
65
amt usually injected in IM
1-5 mL
66
3 ways IV can be administered
1 infusion solution (slow) 2 bolus/push (usually over 2 min) 3 intermittent infusion (prescribed intervals like every 4 hours)
67
contraindications for suppositories
patients who has recent rectal/prostate surgery - thrombocytopenia - neutropenic - at risk for cardiac arrythmias
68
steps after med error
1 check patient for adverse effects 2 notify nurse mgmt + provider 3 report incident
69
enteral vs parenteral vs nonparenteral
E: anything placed directly into the digestive tract: NG-tube, J-tube, PEG tube. P: INJECTED in the body anywhere other than the mouth or alimentary canal NP: oral medications (pills, capsules, syrups), topical medications (ointments, patches like nitro), and suppositories (vaginal and rectal)
70
Enteral Route is part of....
NONparenteral

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