33 Activity

Question 1

Isotonic Exercise

Answer 1

muscle shortening + active mvmt

• carrying out ADL, ROM exercises, swimming, walking
• incr osteoblastic/bone building. circ. resp + hrt function, improved muscle mass/tone/strength.
• —–PASSIVE isotonic does not have same benefits

Question 2

Isometric Exercise

Answer 2

muscle contractions w.o shortening of muscle fibers

• quad/glute muscles can squeeze, but cause no mvmt, like holding a yoga pose
• incr osteoblastic/bone building. circ. resp + hrt function, improved muscle mass/tone/strength.

Question 3

Isokinetic Exercise

Answer 3

muscle contraction thru complete ROM with resistance

-like lifting weights, rehab exercise for knee/elbow injury

Question 4

illnesses that interferes w oxygentation at cellular level + thus decreases activity tolerance

Answer 4

anemia, angina, cardiac arrythmias, hr failure, COPD,

Question 5

diseases that incr breakdown of protein (more than how much is made) + thus decreases activity tolerance

Answer 5

anorexia, cancer

–leads to muscle wasting + decr physical energy

Question 6

ROM

Answer 6

maximum degree of mvmt of which a joint is capable of

Question 7

Correct body alignment

Answer 7

allows for optimal musculoskeletal balance + operation
-promotes optimal physiologic functioning

• -normally, head is erect + midline, face is forward, abs, spine, chest upwards
• -gravity gows thry the midline

Question 8

safe patient transfer assistive devices

Answer 8

1 Gait belts
2 Stand Assist Repositioning Aids
3 Lateral Assist Devices
4 Friction Reducing Sheets
5 Mechanical Lateral ASsist Device
6 Transfer Chairs
7 Powered Stand-Assist + Repositioning Lifts
8 Powered Full-Body Lifts

Question 9

techniques to prevent back injury

Answer 9

• erect posture
• use longest + strongest muscles in arms/legs to provide power (muscles of back are less strong)
• use internal girdle by contracting glutes down and abs up
• work w object/patient as closely as possible
• face direction ur headed, no twisting

Question 10

to prevent nurse injury, the nurse should avoid lifting and try to ___

Answer 10

slide, roll, then push or pull

-push rather than pull if possible. keep arms close to body

Question 11

before beginning activities, the nurse should ______ to prevent injury

Answer 11

• broaden base
• flex knees
• make sure surface is dry + smooth
• break up heavy loads into smaller loads

Question 12

during any patient-transfer task, if the nurse is required to lift more than 35 lbs, then…

Answer 12

the patient is considered FULLY DEPENDENT

—-use assistive devices for transfer

Question 13

Gait Belt

Answer 13

-used to help patients stand + provide stabilization when pivoting
-for patients who have leg strength + can cooperate w minimal assistance
DO NOT use on patients w ab or thoracic incisions

Question 14

Stand-Assist + Repositioning Aids

Answer 14

• type of grasp/support that patients use to lift themselves
• –can be freestanding or attached to bed/wheelchair, or a pull up bar
• for patients who need minimal assistance to stand up

Question 15

Lateral Assist Devices

Answer 15

• reduces friction during side-to-side transfers

- –roller board, slide board, transfer board, inflatable mattress

Question 16

Friction-Reducing Sheets

Answer 16

used under patient to prevent ski shearing when moving patients in bed or in lateral transfers

• -require excessive force by nurse
• -NOT recommended for force of 35lbs or more

Question 17

Mechanical Lateral-Assist Device

Answer 17

has specialized stretchers; NO NEED to slide manually

–motorized or hand crank

Question 18

Transfer Chairs

Answer 18

chairs that convert into stretchers

-for patients who have NO WEIGHT-BEARING CAPACITY + CANNOT FOLLOW DIRECTIONS + CANNOT COOPERATE

Question 19

Powered Stand-Assist + Repositioning Lifts

Answer 19

device mechanically assist patient to stand

• -sling is placed around back + underarm, rest feet on footrest, place hand on handle
• -can be wheeled to chair, toilet, bed
• for patients who can bear weight on at least 1 leg, can follow directions, + cooperative

Question 20

Powered Full-Body Lifts

Answer 20

sling attached to a lift

-for patients who CANNOT bear weight to move out of bed

Question 21

Supine/Dorsal Recumbent

Answer 21

do not use on patients w spinal anesthesia or surgery on spine

Question 22

Side-Lying/Lateral

Answer 22

-relieves pressure on scapulae, sacrum, heels

Question 23

Oblique Position

Answer 23

preferred over side lying bs less prssure on trochanter

-hip flexed 30 + kneee flexed 35

Question 24

Sim’s

Answer 24

lower arm is behind midline, upper arm is bent up

-main body weight is borne by anterior aspects of humerus

Question 25

Prone

Answer 25

contraindicatred for patients w spinal problems | ---pull of gravity on trunk causes marked lordosis + forward curvature of lumbar spine

Question 26

Fowlers

Answer 26

semi-sitting, 45-60 degree - promotes cardiac + resp functioning bc organs drop - for eating, conversation, urinary/bowel elimination

Question 27

High Fowler

Answer 27

head of bed is 90 degrees - patient can lean forward and rest arm on pillow - best for lung expansion

Question 28

which areas are at risk for skin breakdown in the fowler's position

Answer 28

heels, sacrum, scapulae | buttocks bear most of weight

Question 29

Active ROM exercise

Answer 29

patient independently moves joints thru their full range of motion - -ISOTONIC - nurse may provide MINIMAL support

Question 30

Inactive ROM exercise

Answer 30

patient is unable to move independenty | -nurse moves each joint thru ROM

Question 31

ROM exercise safety guidelines

Answer 31

- avoid overexertion - do not cont to point of fatigue - avoid neck hypertension in attempt to achieve full ROM - move each joint until there is RESISTANCE but NOT PAIN - hrt rt should return to norm within 3 mins

Question 32

Walker

Answer 32

improve balance by increasing patient's base of support, + enhance lateral stability, support patient's weight

Question 33

Walkers w wheels in front legs

Answer 33

- best for patients w gait that's too fast | - best for patients who cannot lift the walkers

Question 34

Walkers w 4 wheels

Answer 34

for patients who require larger base of support but DO NOT rely on walker to bear weight

Question 35

MORSE FALL SCALE

Answer 35

0-24 no risk 25-50 risk 51+ high risk