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Fundamentals of Nursing > Asepsis + Infection > Flashcards

Asepsis + Infection Flashcards

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1
Q

infectious agent

A

bacteria, virus, fungi

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2
Q

reservoir

A

natural habitat of organism

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3
Q

portal of exit

A

point of escape for organism

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4
Q

means of transmission

A

Direct/Indirect Contact, Airborne Route

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5
Q

Portal of Entry

A

point at which organism enter a new host

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6
Q

Susceptible Host

A

must overcome resistance mounted by host’ defenses

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7
Q

Factors Affecting an Organism’s Potential to Produce Disease

A
  • number of organisms
  • virulence
  • competence or person’s immune system
  • length + intimacy of contact bw person and microbe
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8
Q

Stages of Infection

A

1 incubation
2 prodromal
3 full stage of illness
4 convalescent

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9
Q

most infectious stage

A

prodromal stage

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10
Q

Outcome ID + Planning

for Infection Control

A
  • hand hygience practive
  • ID signs of infection
  • adequate nutritional intake
  • proper disposal of soiled articles
  • cleansing/disinfecting techniques
  • proper immunization if avail
  • stress-reduction techniques
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11
Q

norm WBC

A

5k-10k/mm3

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12
Q

aseptic vs sterile

A

aseptic is contamination-free

sterile is 100% germ free

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13
Q

4 transmission based precautions

A

1 Contact Precaution
2 Airborne Precaution
3 Droplet Precaution
4 Neutropenic

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14
Q

Contact Precaution

A

G+G

C.diff, MRSA, Shigella,
VRE, herpes, diarrhea

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15
Q

Airborne Precaution

A

G+G, N95,

TB, chickenpox, measles, sars

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16
Q

Droplet Precaution

A

G+G + goggles + surgical mask

influenza aka flu, myco. pneumonia, mumps,

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17
Q

C DIFF

A

must wash hands. cannot get rid of by hand gel

-contact

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18
Q

airborne vs droplet

A

airborne is smaller

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19
Q

vital signs + sequence

A

indicator of physiological functioning

Temp, Pulse, Resp, BP
sometimes pain + pulse oximetry

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20
Q

pulse oximetry

A

noninvasive arterial oxyhemoglobin measurement

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21
Q

Body Temp

A

the difference bw the amt of heat produced by the body and amt of heat lost to the environment measure in degrees

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22
Q

heat is generated by…

A

metabolic processes in the core tissues of the body

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23
Q

heat is transferred from the core to the skin by…

A

circulating blood

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24
Q

core temp is regulated by…

A

thermoregulatory center in hypothalamus

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25
primary source of heat in the body is...
metabolism
26
shivering
muscle tremors caused by hypothalamus to produce heaty
27
goosebumps
contraction of pilomotor muscles on skin | -reduce surface area on skin available for heat loss
28
primary site of heat loss...
skin
29
heat is lossed on skin by...
circ. blood bring heat to ARTERIOVENOUS SHUNTS - open to allow heat to dissipate - close to retain hear in body
30
arteriovenous shunt
small connections bw arterioles + venules | -open + close to allow heat to dissipate or retain heat in body
31
Opening + closing of arteriovenous shunts is controlled by...
sympathetic nervous system in response to changes in core temp or environment
32
4 mechanisms of heat transfer
1 Radiation 2 Convection 3 Evaporation 4 Conduction
33
Radiation
diffusion or dissemination of heat by electromagnetic waves ex) body gives off waves of heat fr uncovered surfaces
34
Convection
dissemination of heat by motion bw areas of unequal density ex) an oscillating fan blows currents of cool are across the surface of warm body
35
Evaporation
conversion of liquid to vapor ex) perspiration carries heat away as it evaporates
36
Conduction
transfer of heat fr one object to another during DIRECT CONTACT ex) body transfers heat to an ice pack
37
Afebrile
person w normal body temp
38
Pyrexia
fever | -incr in above normal body temp
39
febrile
a person with a fever
40
Pyrogen
substance that causes fever - an upward displacement of thermoregulatory set point in the hypothalamus - ---cause incr in temp
41
substances that can trigger incr in temp
bacteria, bacterial products, whole microbes like viruses, response to tissue injury
42
temp rising mechanisms
shiver piloerection vasocontriction incr metab
43
Benefits of fevers within 40C/104F
- incr in immune function, inflammation - -valuable indicator of health status - destruction of disease-causing microbes - incr susceptibility of disease-causing microbes to anti-infective agents
44
Hyperprexia
dangerously high temp, med emergency - above 41C (106F) - must be cooled to prevent brain damage
45
fevers are usually self-limiting
when temp rises to new set point (due to incr fr pyrogen), heat loss mechanisms prevent temp rising to dangerous levels
46
heat loss mechanisms
sweating vasodilation incr respiration
47
hypothermia vs fever
no change in set point in hypothermia | -extreme heat exposure or excessive heat production (like a strenous workout)
48
Neurogenic fever does not respond to...
antipyretic med
49
``` hyperthermia fever hypothermia severe hypo ranges ```
``` hyperthermia >41 fever>38.1-40 NORM=35.9-38 hypothermia <35 severe hypo <28 ```
50
effects of hyperthermia
loss of appetite, headache, flush, thirst, seizures INCR resp + pulse
51
effects of hypothermia
poor coordination, slurred speech, poor judgment, amnesia, hallucination DECR resp> Weak pulse> decr BP
52
pulse is throbbing sensation that is produced by...
contraction of LEFT ventricle -causes wave of blood being pumped into arterial circulation
53
tachycardia
incr heart rate/pulse
54
bradycardia
decr hrt rt/pulse -sleeping, men, thin, aging, beta blockers
55
dysthrythmia
irreg hrt beat
56
arrythmia
lack of hrt rate
57
pulse deficit
diff bw APICAL vs RADIAL pulse.
58
apical pulse
bw 5-6th ribs on patient's left midclavicular line
59
tachypnea/bradypnea
high +low resp rate
60
apnea
periods of no breathing
61
dyspnea
difficult/labored breathing
62
orthopnea
when dyspneic ppl can breathe better when upright
63
blood pressure refers to...
amt of force of moving blood against arterial wall
64
Hospital Acquired Infections | examples
Catheter UTI (CAUTI) Surgical site infection (SSI) Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) Central line bloodstream infection (CLASBI)
65
all isolation rooms require...
gown + gloves
66
DON procedure
1 gown 2 mask 3 goggles/face shield 4 gloves
67
DOFF procedure
1 gloves 2 goggles/face shield 3 gown 4 mask
68
Types of precautions
1 standard 2 contact 3 droplet 4 airborne
69
medical vs surgical asepsis
medical is clean technique, surgical is sterile
70
LUB
S1 | -closure of Mitral + Tricuspic AV valves
71
Dub
S2 -closure of Aortic + Pulmonary valves

Fundamentals of Nursing (17 decks)

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