29 - Wartime: The Economic And Social Impact

Question 1

What city was surrounded by the end of August 1941? Where were German forces on the outskirts of?

Answer 1

Leningrad

Moscow

Question 2

How much of Russia’s heavy industry was in German hands? What country’s fate was hung in the balance?

Answer 2

50%

Soviet Union

Question 3

What massive effort was required to halt the Nazi onslaught? What needed to be mobilised?

Answer 3

Military effort

All economic resources

Question 4

What had the Russian economy been put on a war footing by? What 2 concepts were emphasised in this plan?

Answer 4

FYP
Heavy industry
Armament

Question 5

What part of the regime was of great value during the war effort? What couldn’t have been achieved without this?

Answer 5

Centralisation

Triumph

Question 6

What evacuation was one of Russia’s greatest achievements? Who were these people beyond the reach of?

Answer 6

People being evacuated to the Ural mountains

German forces

Question 7

Where was Russia’s planned economy triumphant? How did Historian Orlando Figes describe the revolution present in Russia?

Answer 7

Ural mountains

“The revolution won the war”

Question 8

How many factories were moved East or newly built? Who was nearly all industrial production geared to?

Answer 8

Thousands

Military

Question 9

What 2 things did built railways connect together?

Answer 9

Industrial bases to the war fronts

Question 10

What 2 reasons were factories placed under martial law?

Answer 10

Labour discipline

Labour productivity

Question 11

What were 2 reasons harsh punishments were given?

Answer 11

Poor work

Lateness

Question 12

How many weekly working hours became the norm? What kind of rationing was introduced?

Answer 12

72 hour-weeks

Strict rationing

Question 13

By what year did Russia’s production exceed Germany?

Answer 13

1943

Question 14

How many vehicles, planes and tanks did the US provide for Russia? How many million tons of food were provided?

Answer 14

Thousands

5 million tons

Question 15

What 2 things did prison camp labour produce?

Answer 15

Weaponry

Uniform

Question 16

To what extreme were prisoners worked? Where was this similar disregard also shown?

Answer 16

Until death

Human lives in the army

Question 17

What didn’t the military’s strategic aims take into consideration? How many troops died during the war?

Answer 17

Human lives

8.6 million

Question 18

How many people lost their lives during the war? How did many people die?

Answer 18

25 million

Starvation

Question 19

How long was Leningrad besieged for? What 3 things were unavailable?

Answer 19

Over 2 years

Heating, lighting and water

Question 20

How many people died in cities during the winter of 1941-42? What 2 countries does this total exceed during the whole war?

Answer 20

800,000

UK/US combined

Question 21

What emphasised patriotism in order to drive the invader out of Mother Russia? How did many people respond to this?

Answer 21

Propaganda

They were willing to face extreme hardship

Question 22

During what time period had many soldiers in the war previously faced harsh conditions? Why were they willing to do this again?

Answer 22

1930s

Hope for a better future

Question 23

How many collective farmers were women during the war? How would they often pull ploughs?

Answer 23

4/5

By hand

Question 24

Why were churches allowed to reopen? What did they support the defence of?

Answer 24

To boost morale

“Holy Mother Russia”

Question 25

What feeling did government propaganda exploit? What memories were invoked by it?

Answer 25

Nationalism

Tsarism

Question 26

What 2 groups did the war bring together? Who emerged as the nation’s saviour, but more feared than ever?

Answer 26

Government and people

Stalin

Question 27

What does Historian J. P. Netti say that Stalin thanked the Russian people for?

Answer 27

Stalin “thanked the Russian people for their confidence in their government”