2D Flashcards
(15 cards)
What does justification mean?
to be made righteous before God
Explain the view of justification by works and the 2 sacraments
-Traditional RCC view
-States man is stained with original sin so to enter heaven must have sacrament of baptism (wash away original sin)
-Other sacrament of reconciliation by doing penance eg give money to church
Give a bible passage to support Justification by works
James 2 ‘for a person is justified by works and not faith alone’
Who was Luther
German monk- had inspiration from Augustine
Give 2 bible passages to support Luther (faith alone)
Romans 5:1 ‘we are justified through faith
Romans 1:17 ‘the one who is righteous will live by faith’
Explain justification by faith alone
-Despite doing everything the church required of him he felt he was losing touch with God
-Man is a sinner and unable to deliver himself from the depravity and spiritual corruption from consequences of the fall
-Largely protestant belief introduced in 16th cen
-Justification is entirely a gift from God- sinners aren’t saved by good works but by faith alone ‘sola fide’
-For Luther faith was a transforming power
In ‘the liberty of a Christian’ he explores this doctrine
What did Luther apply his doctrine to
-Luther applied this doctrine to church practices such as the sale of indulgences (promoted by Tetzel) to demonstrate the ineffectiveness of these practices
-Luther also claimed that at Halle, Tetzel said that an indulgence could wipe away the sin of a man guilty of raping Mary, Mother of God
Explain The Council of Trent’s response to Luther
-declared Luther a heretic and theologies cursed
-Council concluded that God does not just make people righteous they must become righteous
Who was Sanders
Sanders= NT scholar
What does Sanders say about Luther
-Sanders argues Luther used too much of his own experiences to interpret the writing of Paul
- Luther saw Judaism through lens of to find peace with God
-Luther by sola fide has misinterpreted Paul
-Paul= against notion you could gain justification by doing specific world connected to judaism eg circumcision, food laws etc
Explain Sanders justification by not faith alone
-Argues Jewish religion (in which Paul was brought up) was not salvation by works alone- Paul would have understood the need for both faith and works
-In ‘Paul and the Palestinian Judaism’ Sanders refers to covenantal nomism- concept that through grace God chooses the Hebrews to be in a covenant relationship
-This was provided that they obey commandments- ‘works’ of Jews was to uphold ‘grace’
-Jesus died to save ALL, he needed to expand the idea of salvation to go beyond just doing good work, needed to incorporate faith
give 3 points that agree with-
‘The New Testament letters support arguments for justification by faith alone’
1) Paul’s letters promote justification by faith alone
2) Jesus is seen to promote justification by faith alone
3) Many NT letters that endorse it
give 3 points that disagree with-
‘The New Testament letters support arguments for justification by faith alone’
1) Bible suggests justification by works
2) Letters in acts and gospels that seen to reject it
3) The NT sees justification as a process in which doctrine of sola fide see it as a one off event
give 3 points that agree with-
‘both faith and works are aspects of justification’
1) If justification was just by faith alone is God guilty of saying bad people can be righteous
2) Faith and works are 2 sides of the same coin- they lead to each other and complement each other
3)If justification was just through works it would make people in futile struggle to be good enough for God
give 3 points that disagree with-
‘both faith and works are aspects of justification’
1)Luther argues for faith alone
2)Justification by faith alone can be seen as a one-off event of atonement (a past event)
3) James 2:24 suggests emphasis should be on works and not faith
