2d. Foramina of Cranial Base (all)

Question 1

Incisive fossa

Answer 1

• Nasopalatine n.
• Sphenopalatine vessels

Question 2

Greater palatine foramen

Answer 2

Greater palatine nerve & vessels

Question 3

Lesser palatine foramen

Answer 3

Lesser palatine nerve and vessels

Question 4

Foramen lacerum

Answer 4

Greater petrosal nerve

Question 5

Foramen ovale

Answer 5

• Lesser petrosal nerve
• Mandibular nerve (V3)
• Accessory meningeal artery

Question 6

Foramen spinosum

Answer 6

• Middle meningeal vessels
• Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve (V3)

Question 7

Carotid canal

Answer 7

• Internal carotid artery
• Carotid autonomic plexus

Question 8

Petrotympanic fissure

Answer 8

chorda tympani of facial (intermediate) nerve (VIII)

Question 9

Tympanic canaliculus

Answer 9

tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 10

Mastoid canaliculus

Answer 10

Auricular branch of vagus nerve (X)

Question 11

Stylomastoid foramen

Answer 11

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 12

Jugular fossa

Answer 12

• Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
• Vagus nerve (X)
• Accessory nerve (XI)
• Superior bulb
• Internal jugular vein

Question 13

Mastoid foramen

Answer 13

• Mastoid emissary vein
• Posterior meningeal artery

Question 14

Hypoglossal canal

Answer 14

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Question 15

Foramen magnum

Answer 15

• Medulla oblongata
• Vertebral arteries and venous plexus
• Spinal roots of accessory nerves (XI)

Question 16

Foramen cecum

Answer 16

Emissary vein to superior sagittal sinus

Question 17

Nasal slit and anterior ethmoidal foramen

Answer 17

Anterior ethmoidal artery, vein, and nerve

Question 18

Foramina of cribriform plate

Answer 18

Olfactory nerves

Question 19

Posterior ethmoidal foramen

Answer 19

Posterior ethmoidal artery, vein, and nerve

Question 20

Optic canal

Answer 20

• Optic nerve (II)
• Ophthalmic artery

Question 21

Superior orbital fissure

Answer 21

• Oculomotor nerve (III)
• Trochlear nerve (IV)
• Lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary branches of opthalmic nerve (V1)
• Abducent nerve (VI)
• Superior ophthlamic vein

Question 22

Foramen rotundum

Answer 22

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Question 23

Foramen ovale

Answer 23

• Mandibular nerve (V3)
• Accessor meingeal artery
• Lesser petrosal nerve

Question 24

Foramen spinosum

Answer 24

• Middle meningeal artery and vein
• Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve

Question 25

Sphenoidal emissary foramen (of Vesalius) (inconstant)

Answer 25

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Question 26

Foramen lacerum

Answer 26

greater petrosal nerve

Question 27

Carotid canal

Answer 27

* Internal carotid artery * Internal carotid nerve plexus

Question 28

Hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve

Answer 28

Lesser petrosal nerve

Question 29

Hiatus for greater petrosal nerve

Answer 29

Greater petrosal nerve

Question 30

Internal acoustic meatus

Answer 30

* Facial nerve (VII) * Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) * Labyrinthine artery

Question 31

Opening of vestibular aqueduct

Answer 31

Endolymphatic duct

Question 32

Mastoid foramen (inconstant)

Answer 32

emissary vein (and occasional branch of occipital artery)

Question 33

Jugular foramen

Answer 33

* inferior petrosal sinus * glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) * vagus nerve (X) * accessory nerve (XI) * sigmoid sinus * posterior meningeal artery

Question 34

Condylar canal (inconstant)

Answer 34

emissary vein and meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 35

Hypoglossal canal

Answer 35

hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Question 36

Foramen magnum

Answer 36

* medulla oblongata * meninges * vertebral arteries * meningeal branches of vertebral arteries * spinal roots of accessory nerves

Question 37

Cribriform plate

Answer 37

olfactory n. (CN I)

Question 38

Optic canal

Answer 38

optic n. (CN II)

Question 39

Superior orbital fissure

Answer 39

* oculomotor n. (CN III) * ophthalmic division of **trigeminal n.** (CN V - V1) * abducens n. (CN VI)

Question 40

Foramen rotundum

Answer 40

maxillary division of **trigeminal n.** (CN V - V2)

Question 41

Foramen ovale

Answer 41

mandibular division of **trigeminal n.** (CN V - V3)

Question 42

Internal acoustic meatus

Answer 42

* facial n. (CN VII) * vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII)

Question 43

Jugular foramen

Answer 43

* glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) * vagus n. (CN X) * accessory n. (CN XI)

Question 44

Hypoglossal canal

Answer 44

hypoglossal n. (CN XII)