4. Skull (Lecture)

Question 1

number of bones in skeleton

Answer 1

206

Question 2

parts of axial skeleton

Answer 2

skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

Question 3

number of cranial bones

Answer 3

8 (2 paired, 4 unpaired)

Question 4

paired cranial bones

Answer 4

parietal and temporal

Question 5

unpaired cranal bones

Answer 5

frontal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid

Question 6

number of facial bones

Answer 6

14

Question 7

paired facial bones

Answer 7

• zygomatic
• lacrimal
• nasal
• palatine
• maxillae
• inferior nasal conchae

Question 8

unpaired facial bones

Answer 8

vomer and mandible

Question 9

characteristis of human skull: vertebrate characteristics

Answer 9

• encephalizaton
• skeletal protection of brain w/ bone
• formation of skull from dermal, cartilaginous, and branchial elements

Question 10

characteristis of human skull: mammalian characteristics

Answer 10

• expansion of lateral fenestra
• expansionof braincase
• transfer of muscle origins to side of braincase
• secondary palate
• mandible reduced to single paired bone (dentary)
• 3 ossicles in middle ear

Question 11

characteristis of human skull: primate characteristics

Answer 11

• orbital convergence
• postorbital bar
• shortening of face
• flexion of face relative to basicranium

Question 12

characteristis of human skull: arthropoid characteristics

Answer 12

• postorbital closre
• fusion of mandibular symphysis

Question 13

characteristis of human skull: hominin characteristics

Answer 13

• chewing (lateral motions of mandible)
• expansion of brain and braincase

Question 14

characteristis of human skull: modern human characteristics

Answer 14

• anterior protrusion of chin
• development of mastoid process
• flexion of basicranium and retraction of face
• forehead replacing supraorbital tori

Question 15

evolutionary/developmental antecedents of skull structures in modern humans

Answer 15

• dermatocranium
• neurocranium
• splanchnocranium

Question 16

4 sutures of the skull

Answer 16

• coronal
• sagittal
• lambdoid
• squamous

Question 17

articulation between frontal and both parietal bones

Answer 17

coronal suture

Question 18

articulation between both parietal bones

Answer 18

sagittal

Question 19

articulation between parietal and occipital bones

Answer 19

lambdoid

Question 20

articulation between temporal and parietal bones

Answer 20

squamous

Question 21

When nodding, (1) ____ articulates with the cervical vertebrae (specifically (2) _____).

Answer 21

1. occipital condyles
2. cervical vertebrae (“atlas”)

Question 22

“Turkish saddle”; where the pituitary gland sits

Answer 22

sella turcica

Question 23

exit point for maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (V2)

Answer 23

foramen rotundum

Question 24

exit point for mandibular branch of trigeminal (V3)

Answer 24

foramen ovale

Question 25

exit point for middle meningeal artery

Answer 25

foramen spinosum

Question 26

* unites cranial and facial bones * articulates w/ (almost) every bone in skull * contains ___ sinuses

Answer 26

sphenoid bone

Question 27

attachment for falx cerebri

Answer 27

crista galli

Question 28

forms medial wall of orbit

Answer 28

orbital plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 29

superior portion of nasal septum

Answer 29

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 30

consists of: * superior nasal conchae * middle nasal conchae

Answer 30

ethmoidal labyrinth

Question 31

Which conchae/turbinate is independent of the others?

Answer 31

**Inferior nasal conchae** (or turbinate) is independent

Question 32

where olfactory nerve descends along lateral borders

Answer 32

cribiform plate

Question 33

passageway for olfactor nerve banches

Answer 33

cribiform foramina

Question 34

part of medial wall of each orbit

Answer 34

lacrimal bone

Question 35

passageway of nasolacrimal duct

Answer 35

lacrimal groove

Question 36

paired bones that form the bridge of the nose

Answer 36

nasal bone

Question 37

what forms the zygomatic arch?

Answer 37

* zygomatic process of temporal bone * temporal process of zygomatic bone

Question 38

forms the lateral wall of the orbit

Answer 38

orbital surface of the zyogmatic bone

Question 39

part of vomer bone that articulates with the sphenoid bone

Answer 39

ala

Question 40

forms in the inferior portion of the nasal septum

Answer 40

vertical plate of the vomer bone

Question 41

part of the palatine bone which forms part of medial floor of the orbit

Answer 41

orbital process of the palatine bone

Question 42

part of palatine bone that forms lateral wall of nasal cavity

Answer 42

perpendicular plate of the palatine bone

Question 43

part of palatine bone that forms posterior portion of the hard palate

Answer 43

horizontal plate of the palatine bone

Question 44

posterior portion of the hard palate

Answer 44

palatine process of the maxilla bone

Question 45

separates the hard palate from the anterior nasal spine

Answer 45

incisive foramen of the maxilla bone

Question 46

holds teeth of the upper jaw

Answer 46

alveolar process of the maxilla bone

Question 47

largest paranasal sinus in the skull

Answer 47

maxillary sinus of the maxilla bone

Question 48

Which conchae/turbinates are part of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 48

superior and middle concha/turbinates [\*inferior concha is considered its own separate bone]

Question 49

7 bones of the orbit

Answer 49

roof of the orbit: * frontal bone * sphenoid bone medial wall * maxilla bone * lacrimal bone * ethmoid bone floor of orbit * palatine bone * zygomatic bone * *maxilla bone* lateral wall * *frontal bone* * *sphenoid bone* * *zygomatic bone*

Question 50

4 paransal sinuses

Answer 50

* frontal * sphenoid * ethmoid * maxillary

Question 51

Identify the *fontanelles* of a fetal skull.

Answer 51

Question 52

mental eminence also refers to what

Answer 52

chin

Question 53

parts of the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 53

* cribriform plate * lesser wing of sphenoid

Question 54

parts of the middle cranial fossa

Answer 54

* sella turcica * foramen ovale * petrous region of temporal bone

Question 55

parts of the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 55

* jugular foramen * foramen magnum

Question 56

function of facial bones

Answer 56

* proide shape, contour, and individuality to the face * structural component of orbit and nasal cavities * anchor site for teeth (upper/lower jaw)

Question 57

forms the lateral wall of the orbit

Answer 57

orbital surface of the zygomatic bone

Question 58

superior & inferior parts of the nasal septum

Answer 58

* superior = perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone * inferior = vertical plate of vomer bone

Question 59

condition when, during development, palatine bones do not fuse together therefore palatine process does not develop properly

Answer 59

cleft palate (or cleft lip if lip/maxilla is involved)

Question 60

lateral structures of the maxilla

Answer 60

Question 61

Le Fort Fractures

Answer 61

1. Le Fort I: fx through maxillary floor 2. Le Fort II: fx through zygomatico-maxillary suture and takes out medial wall of orbit & **portion** of upper face and floor 3. Le Fort III: fx through zygomatico-maxillary suture and takes out medial wall of orbit & **larger portion** of upper face and floor

Question 62

lateral structures of the mandible

Answer 62

Question 63

Identify the different foramen.

Answer 63