5. Dural Venous Sinus

Question 1

three dense regular connective tissue layers that separate the soft tissue of the brain from the bones of the cranium

Answer 1

cranial meninges

Question 2

functions of the cranial meninges

Answer 2

• encloses and protect blood vessels that supply the brain
• contain and circulate CSF
• some parts form veins that drain blood from brain

Question 3

3 cranial meninges

Answer 3

• dura mater
  
  • periosteal dura
  • meningeal dura
• arachnoid mater
• pia mater

Question 4

• tough membrane composed of 2 fiborus layers
• strongest of the meninges
• composed of 2 layers: (1) periosteal layer and (2) meningeal layer

Answer 4

dura mater

Question 5

areas where the meningeal and the periosteal layers separate to form large, blood-filled spaces

Answer 5

dural venous sinuses

Question 6

Identify the blue boxes.

Answer 6

• dura mater (meningeal and periosteal layers)
• falx cerebri
• emissary vein

Question 7

• immediate internal to the dura mater
• composed of delicate web of collage and elastic fibers

Answer 7

arachnoid mater

Question 8

arachnoid trabeculae

Answer 8

web of collagen and elastic fibers in arachnoid mater

Question 9

between arachnoid and overlying dura mater

Answer 9

subdural space

Question 10

immediately deep to the arachnoid

Answer 10

subarachnoid space

Question 11

• innermost of the cranial meninges
  
  • thin layer of delicate CT tightly adheres to brain & ​follows every contour of brain surface

Answer 11

pia mater

Question 12

4 cranial dural septa

Answer 12

• falx cerebri
• tentorium cerebelli
• falx cereblli
• diaphragma sellae

Question 13

extensions of the meningeal layer of the dura mater deep into the cranial cavity

Answer 13

cranial dural septa

Question 14

functions of the cranial dural septa

Answer 14

separate specific parts of the brain and provide stabilization and support

Question 15

sinuses found within the cranial dural septa

Answer 15

• superior sagittal sinus
• inferior sagittal sinus
• sigmoid sinus
• transverse sinus

Question 16

Identify the following septa.

Answer 16

• (red) falx cerebri
• (under red) diaphragma sellae
• (right) tentorium cerebelli

Question 17

piece of dura mater superior to the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone and pituitary gland

Answer 17

diaphragm sellae

Question 18

What artery supplies the meninges?

Answer 18

middle meningeal artery (branches)

[ECA > maxillary a. > middle meningeal a. > passes through foramen spinosum]

Question 19

branches of the middle meningeal artery

Answer 19

• frontal branch
• parietal branch
• mastoid branch

Question 20

innervation of the meninges

Answer 20

• anterior meningeal branches of ethmoidal nerve (CN V1)
• meningeal branch of maxillary nerve (CN V2)
• meningeal branches of mandibular nerve (CN V3)
• tentorial nerve [recurrent meningeal branch of ophthalmic nerve] (CN V1)

Question 21

Identify:

(1) area in purple
(2) area in blue
(3) area in pink
(4) area in orange
(5) gray boxes

Answer 21

1. innervated by ophthalmic nerve (V1)
2. innervated by maxillary nerve (V2)
3. innervated by mandibular nerve (V3)
4. innervated by cervical spinal nerves (C2-C3)
5. anterior menineal branches of ethmoidal nerve, meningeal branch of maxillary nerve, meningeal branches of mandibular nerve, tentorial nerve (recurrent meningeal branch of ophthalmic nerve)

Question 22

Label the figure.

Answer 22

1. superior sagittal sinus
2. inferior sagittal sinus
3. straight sinus
4. confluence of sinuses
5. transverse sinus
6. sigmoid sinus
7. cavernous sinus
8. intercavernous sinus
9. posterior intercavernous sinus
10. sphenoparietal sinus
11. superior petrosal sinus
12. inferior petrosal sinus

Question 23

Label.

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

epidural hematoma

middle meningeal artery

Question 25

Answer 25

subdural hematoma ## Footnote *bridging vein*

Question 26

Answer 26

subarachnoid hemorrhage *cerebral arteries*

Question 27

contents of the cavernous sinus

Answer 27

* nerves that go through *superior orbital fissure* * nerves that go through the *foramen rotundu* * internal carotid artery [mnemonic: OTOM (lateral) CAT]

Question 28

parts of the internal carotid artery

Answer 28

* cerebral * cavernous\* * petrous * cervical

Question 29

**cavernous sinus thrombosis**

Answer 29

Question 30

* clear, colorless liquid that circulates in the **ventricles and subarachnoid space** * bathes exposed surface of CNS and surrounds it * functions: buoyancy, protection, stability

Answer 30

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 31

How is CSF formed?

Answer 31

formed by **choroid plexus** in each ventricle; produced by secretion of fluid from **ependymal cells** (originate from blood plasma)

Question 32

content of CSF

Answer 32

similar to blood plasma but with **greater amounts of Na, H, and Ca** and **less K**

Question 33

drainage of CSF and blood to DV sinuses

Question 34

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 34