2Dp2-Translation Flashcards
(18 cards)
KEY TERM - Translation
The process where an mRNA sequence is read to produce a corresponding amino acid sequence to build a polypeptide.
KEY TERM - Alternative splicing
where different exons may be spliced, resulting in a single gene producing multiple different mRNA strands.
KEY TERM - RNA Polymerase
the enzyme responsible for constructing a pre-mRNA sequence.
KEY TERM - Transfer RNA
recognizes specific codons on the mRNA strand, and brings the corresponding amino acid sequence to the building-up polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.
KEY TERM - Template strand
the strand of DNA transcribed by RNA polymerase.
KEY TERM - Coding strand
The strand of DNA not transcribed by RNA polymerase, contains an identical sequence to the mRNA stand just made (except Thymine is replaced with Uracil- because it s RNA)
KEY TERM - 5’ Methyl-G cap
a molecule added to the 5’ end of pre-mNA during RNA processing.
KEY TERM - 3’ poly-A tail
3’ poly-A tails chain of adenine nucleotides added to the 3’end during processing
KEY TERM - Introns
Non-coding regions of DNA. Spliced out.
KEY TERM - Splicing
The process where introns are cut out, exons are joined together.
KEY TERM - Exons
Coding regions of DNA.
What is a ribosome?
An organelle responsible for organising amino acids into proteins
Where does Translation occur?
In the ribosome
How does the process start?
mRNA bonds to the Ribosome on the 5’ end, between the large and small subunits.
What is the product of Translation?
A poly peptide chain- first stage protein that not yet useable
Once they are bound?
TransferRNA comes and binds to the ribosome, delivering amino acids floating in the cytoplasm. (tRNA anticodons are complementary to mRNA codons)
After the tRNA brings anticodons-
the amino acids bind together through a condensation reaction, forming a polypeptide chain.
Translated new polypetide chains then go where?
They go to the golgi apparatus to be folded and modified into a functional protein.
