2f+2g = respiration + gas exchange Flashcards

Question

pleuerl membranes fx?

Answer 1

thin and moist to form airtight cavity

Answer 2

lubrication to help the surfaces of lung not stick to membranes + + helps adhere the lung walls and membranes througgh water cohesion, so lungs can expand w chest. REDUCES FRICTION

Answer 3

incomplete, c-shaped rings of cartiladge in TRACHEA, open part faces the oesopheagus, so when food is moving through peristalsis, the open bits makes the food travel easier.,

Answer 4

air moving in/out of lungs

Answer 5

pressure difference !

Answer 6

1. intercostal muscles contract, 2. ribs move up and out 3. diaphragm contracts and flattens 4. volume of thorax cavity increases, pressure decreases 5. therefore, in order for the pressue within lungs and atmospheric pressure to equalise, air moves into lungs

Answer 7

1. intercorsatl muscles relax 2. ribs move down and in 3. diaphrgm relaxes into og dome shape 4. volume of thorax cavity decreases, pressure increases. 5. therefore, in order for the pressure within lungs and atmospheric pressure to reach equillibrium, air rushes out of lungs

Answer 8

- thin, one cell thick = shot diffusion distance - covered w network of fine capillaries, allowing gasses to pass directly - rich blood supply = steeper concentration gradient = encourages diffusion rates - walls are permeable - moist = high water content = encourages gas molecules to easily dissolve - large combined surface area = large amnts of gases to be exchanged

Answer 9

the oxygen from the alveolus diffuses to the blood cappilary, this then transforms the deoxygeneated bllood cells into oxygenated ones.

Answer 10

the carbon dioxide from deoxygenated red blood cells in capillaries diffuses into tthe alveolus and then is exhaled

Answer 11

red blood cells fx = carry o2 to lungs and tissue. - for tissue to aerobically respire, to produce atp, and therefore releases co2. - rbc carries this co2 given as waste, and then takes the co2 through veins to alveoli, to exhale !!!!

Answer 12

tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, particulates

Answer 13

addictive drug = stimulant and linked to stimulate dopamine levels of joy - anti depressent and highly addictive

Answer 14

black sticky carcinogen

Answer 15

toxic gas whicg prevents o2 from being carried by haemoglob by rbcs bc CO has a higher affinity w heaamoglobin than o2, therefore co = carried

Answer 16

dust particles in tobacco smoke, damages the cillia of epithelial cells

Answer 17

a substance that causes cancer

Answer 18

- bronchitis - lung cancer - emphysema

Answer 19

smoke damages the wals of alveoli, forming large irregular spaces reduces surface area, thereforem os cant be transported as efficiently from alveolus --> rbc and same w co2 from rbc --> alveolus

Answer 20

cilia lining the airways becomes damaged, killed and paralysed - more mucus is collected in airways - can cause infections and block normal airflow cillia fx = the little hairs that beat back and forth, to sweep away dsut and mucus from trachea and bronchi ! tar and particulates build up paralyses cillia, meaning they are stopped from doing their fx and allows dust and mucus to build up

Answer 21

METHOD: - 1 end of a capillary tube is attached to a flask of NaOH to allow the inflow of air - A conical flask is connected by a capillary tube to a flask of hydrogen carbonate - This flask is connected by a capillary tube to a flask of respiring organism (e.g worms) - This Flask is connected by a capillary tube to a flask of Hydrogen Carbonate (indicator B) - Lastly, one end of a capillary tube is attached to this flask to allow the outflow of Air (outlet pipe) RESULT: As air enters the first capillary tube, Sodium Hydroxide will absorb and remove Carbon Dioxide, therefore causing Hydrogen Carbonate indicator to turn red (indicator A) As air (deficient of Carbon Dioxide but abundant in Oxygen) enters the flask of respiring organisms, organisms will respire aerobically to produce Carbon Dioxide as waste product, therefore causing Hydrogen Carbonate indicator to turn Yellow (indicator B) This hence shows the production of Carbon Dioxide by living organisms, showing the evolution of Carbon Dioxide

Answer 22

METHOD: - Two Thermo Flasks are Set Up, One with Germinating Seeds, Another with Boiled Seeds - Thermometer Wrapped in Cotton Wool (Prevents Heat from Escaping) are Added - Initial Temperature is Recorded - Seeds are Left for a Few Days - Final Temperature is Recorded RESULT: - As the Germinating Seeds are Alive, They will be Respiring Aerobically, Producing Energy in the Form of Heat, Causing the Temperature of Thermo Flask to Rise as a Result - As the Boiled Seeds have Died, They will Not be Respiring Aerobically, Therefore No Energy is Produced, Causing the Temperature to Remain the Same

Answer 23

- rinse 3 clean test tubes w distilled water and w hydrogencarbonate indicator itself - laabel tts 1-3 - use a pippette to place 2 cm3 of hydrogen carbonate indicator in each tube - clsoe each tube w rubber bung - roll the leaf so that the upper surface outwards and slide it into tube 1 so it is held against wall of tt but not touch the indicator. - repeat w tube 2 - not w tube 3 (tube 3 = control) - cover tube 1 w aluminium foil to exclude light - place tts few cm away from bech lamp - wait 40 mins/fixed amnt of time and compare all results tube 1 (dark) = yellow, bc more resp and more co2 tube 2 (light) = red (constance bc same amnt of ps and resp is done and moth gases released/used = 6 moles !) tub 3 (noleaf) = red bc thats normal atmosphereic content

Answer 24

C - the state of activeness of a person O - a person of same sex, age and height R - repeat 3 times M - the breathing rate M - we calculate it through counting the number of inhalations within a minute S- same excercise S - same time spent excerciing

2f+2g = respiration + gas exchange Flashcards

(49 cards)