2j coord and response

Question 1

define homeostatis

Answer 1

maintaneince of a constant internal environent = body water content and temp

Question 2

describe the process of synapses

Answer 2

1. electrical impulse travels along axon
2. triggers nerve-ending of nuerone to release the chemical messengerss = neurotransmitters
3. neurotransmitters diffuse across synape and bond w receptor molecules on next neruone
4. receptor moleucles bidn only to the specific neurotransmitters released
5. stimulates the recieving neurone to transmit the electrical ip

Question 3

optic nerve

Answer 3

carries the impulse from retina to brain

Question 4

retina

Answer 4

made up of light sensitive reeptor cells = rode and cone cells

convert light –> electrical energy

Question 5

rod cells

Answer 5

sensitive to low light intensity
MORE sensitive > cones

Question 6

cone cells

Answer 6

sensitive to colour

Question 7

sclera

Answer 7

tough outer layer of eye
protects eye and holds it in place

Question 8

cornea

Answer 8

-transparent sclera at the front
- refracts light, bending it to enter the eye

Question 9

iris

Answer 9

• has a set of muscles that control the size fo the pupil
• regulates amnt of light reaching retina

Question 10

cilliary + suspensory

Answer 10

• changes shape of lens to focus lightrays on retina

Question 11

choroud

Answer 11

• underneath sclera
• dark layer contains pigment cells + bv which stop light from being reflected aorund inside

Question 12

fovea

Answer 12

centre of retina, highest cones conc

Question 13

blidn spot

Answer 13

no rods and no cones

Question 14

lens

Answer 14

focuses light rays on retina

Question 15

pupil

Answer 15

hole in the iris
allows light to pass through

Question 16

where does light refraction to form an image hapoens?

Answer 16

cornea
lens

Question 17

iris reflex, DIM LIGHT

Answer 17

• circular muscles relax
• radial muscles contract
  = dialation

Question 18

iris reflex, NRIGHT LIGHT

Answer 18

• circular msucles contract
• radial msucles relax
  = contraction

Question 19

accomadation, CLOSE

Answer 19

• cilliary muscles contract –> choroid towards lens
• susnpesnoary ligaments relax
• lens thicker

Question 20

accomadation, FAR

Answer 20

• Cilliary muscles relax –>choroid away from lens
• suspensory ligamanets contral
• lens becomes flatter

Question 21

what hormones released from pituitray?

Answer 21

FSH, ADH, LH

Question 22

nervous characteristics:

Answer 22

response: rapid and precisie
nature: electrical, nerve impulse
action: carried to nerves to a specific effector

Question 23

endocrine characteristics

Answer 23

response: slower, longer acting
nature: hormone, chemical
actoion: carried in blood to all organs, but affects target organ only

Question 24

NEURONE TYPES

Answer 24

SENSORY: receptor –> CNS
RELAY: CNS
MOTOR: CNS –> EFFECTOR

Question 25

REFLECX ARC

Answer 25

STIMULUS RECEPTOR SENSORY NEURONE SYNAPSE RELAY CNS (SPINAL CHORD) SYNAPSE MOTOR EFFECTOR REPONSE

Question 26

NEURONE ADAPTATIONS (..as a specialised cell)

Answer 26

- extended shape: impulses from long range - fine branches (axon & dendrites terminal) to communicate w other neurones (during synapses) -myelin sheath: electrical insulatir and ensures impulse stays in termnial, fatty mats and speeds up transmission.

Question 27

ADRENALINE

Answer 27

source: adrenal glands effects: increases HR, BR, BLOOD SUGAR, BLOOD FLOW TO MUSCLES

Question 28

INSULIN

Answer 28

source: pancreas effects: controls blood glucose levels, stimulates glucose to be stored as glycogen in the liver

Question 29

TESTOSTERONE

Answer 29

source: testes effects: male secondary sexual charcateristcs + sperm production

Question 30

OESTROGEN

Answer 30

source: ovaries effects: female secondary sexual charcatestics, thickens uterus lining

Question 31

PROGESTORONE

Answer 31

source: ovaries effects: preps uterus lining, maintains preganncy

Question 32

ADH

Answer 32

source: pituitary effects: controls water vol of urine, osmoregualtion, CD

Question 33

FSH

Answer 33

source: pituitray effects: cuases follicle to mature so ovulation, and produces oestrogen

Question 34

LH

Answer 34

source: pituitary effects: ovulation