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2nd Bench Mark Test Review Flashcards

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0
Q

National road

A

Maryland to Ohio river

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1
Q

Transportation

A

Railroads
Turnpikes (toll road)
Canals

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2
Q

Erie Canal

A

Made New York City the greatest commercial center= city grew quickly
Hudson River to pacific
big risk
took awhile

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3
Q

Samuel Slater
What did he do
What was used
What employment system

A

Built the nations first water powered textile mill in 1793 at Pawtucket Rhode Island
used Blackstone River as a power which produced one part of the textile: cotton thread
factories used the family system (parents and children employed together)

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4
Q 
Francis Cabot Lowell
What was he apart of 
What did he do
What did it make
Who did he employ
A

Boston Associates
1813 first mill at Waltham, Mass
formed cloth- first mill in the US
employed young single women known as the “Lowell girls”

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5
Q

Tariff of 1816

A

Tariff on imports designed to protect American industry, increased the price of imported manufactured goods by an average of 20-25%. The now inflated price encouraged Americans to buy in the US tariff helped industry but hurt farmers
south never likes them north always does

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6
Q

Labor unions

A

Group of workers who unite to seek better pay and conditions

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7
Q

Labor force in the Middle East

A

Teenage girls and immigrants

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8
Q

Cotton gin

A

Eli Whitney

Not industrially important

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9
Q

Mass production and interchangeable parts

A

Eli Whitney

Industry

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10
Q

What happened to slaves after the cotton gin

A

Slavery became more profitable because of cotton gin, Whitney’s idea backfired didn’t help the slaves

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11
Q

What is the southern economy based off of and why?

A

Farming and slaves

Weather, culture, cheaper living costs, season

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12
Q

What is the northern economy based off of and why?

A

Factories, industrial, textile

Culture, beliefs, soil wasn’t good, access to capital, cheap labor, better transportation

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13
Q

“American System” by Henry Clay

A

1- ROADS wanted federal gov to build new roads and canals to link the Atlantic states with Midwest
2- BANK reestablishment of national bank
3- TARIFF thought the tariff and “internal improvements” would work together to tie different regions into a whole, purpose was to tie the three regions of the US together economically (northwest benefits most)

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14
Q

McCullough vs Maryland 1819

A

State of Maryland taxing national bank

supreme court will rule that national government is superior over state

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15
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty

What did it do?

A

Ended Spanish claims to the vast Pacific Coast territory of Oregon, after this treaty Americans began to settle in Florida and pursue the fur trade in Oregon

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16
Q

Monroe Doctrine

What did it state?

A

James Monroe
Reflects the nations growing desire for power, responded to threats by European powers including France, to help Spain recover Latin America colonies that declared their independence
north and South America is off limits to the rest of the world

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17
Q

Missouri Compromise of 1820
Who wrote it?
What is the compromise issue?

A

Henry Clay
Dispute over state admissions, drew a line across the continent from southwestern corner of Missouri to the nations west boundary
they want same number of free and slave states
1- Maine comes in as a free state
2- Missouri comes in as a slave state
3- 36* 30* line above 36=free bellow 30=slave

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18
Q

Denmark Vessey

A

Free black tried to organize a slave revolt, arrested, convicted and put to death
Lives in South Carolina aka Charleston

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19
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

7th President
Born in South Carolina
Lived in Tennessee

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20
Q

Election of 1824
Who looses
What’s unusual

A

Jackson looses
Because of a crowed race their was no clear winner, won more popular votes than Adams but neither won a majority of electoral votes

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21
Q

Who won the election of 1828 and 1832?

A

Andrew Jackson

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22
Q

Indian removal act 1830

A

Peacefully negotiate exchange of American Indian lands in south for new lands in the Indian territory

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23
Q

Trail of tears

A

Mainly CHEROKEES
US soldiers forced 16,000 Cherokees to walk from their lands from Southeast to Oklahoma, at least 4,000 died of disease, exposure and hunger

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24
Jackson and Banks
Jackson supported the south industrialization vetoed the renewal of the bank (1832) defended common people denounced the bank as unauthorized by constitution and dangerous to the liberties of people
25
What was the tariff of Abominations (tariff of 1828) why did it anger the southerners? What was their response? What was Calhoun's role in this?
Tariff was designed to promote American industry This angered southerners because there were more farmers than industry (slaves wanted to nullify this) Calhoun violently opposed this tariff
26
Who were the "Whigs"? Which won the election of 1840?
Were nationalist who wanted a strong federal government to manage the economy William Henry Harrison later became president
27
What caused the Panic of 1837?
Jackson decided to stop accepting paper money for land | businesses then dropped and investors lost money
28
Horace Mann "the father of public edu"
Passed laws for public edu | Collected tax for public edu
29
Dorothea Dix
Let's people know that the mentally ill is being mistreated in prisons Laws are passed to create mental hospitals
30
Temperance Movement
Said alcohol should be slowed down | Causes social problems
31
Frederick Douglass
Escaped slave Educated enough to write a autobiography A main player in the abolition movement
32
Denmark Vessey
Led the largest slave revolt in SC (Charleston)
33
Nat Turner
Led the largest slave revolt in US history
34
William Lloyd Garrison
Founded "the Liberator" | an aberration newspaper
35
John C Calhoun
Not an abolitionist Believed slavery was a positive good Compared slaves to factory workers (slaves had to be better) Result was "Gay Rule"
36
"Gay Rule"
Could not talk about slaves in congress | Result of John C Calhoun
37
Sojourner Truth | Women's rights movement
A former slave abolitionist who "spellbond" people with powerful speeches
38
L. Mott | Women's rights movement
Helped form the American Anti-Slavery society and the Fernal anti-slavery society
39
E. Candy | Women's rights movement
Married to a big abolitionist and interested in women's rights Henry station
40
Seneca falls convention | Women's rights movement
The first womens rights convention | delegates adopted "decoration of Jentiments" which added a few improvements to women's rights
41
Manifest destiny
Belief that God wanted the US to own all of NA
42
Sante fe trail
Americans wanted to trade with Mexico | Traded manufactured goods for fur, animals, and silver
43
Oregon Trail
Founded by Marcus and Narcissa Whitman | Mainly used by formers and their families
44
Stephen Austin
Led 300 families to Mexico (Texas)
45
Mexico need to inhabit Texas so no one will take it. They invite Americans to move here. What do they get and what's the catch.
Get: 4000 acres, no taxes for 10 years, move to Texas Catch: had to become citizens of Mexico, had to worship as Roman Catholics, had to accept Mexican Constitutior, bad to speak spanish (no slavery)
46
Santa Anna
Mexican General and political leader Tries to control Texans who want independence Leeds 5,000 troops to the Alamo
47
The Alamo
Santa Anna surrounded the fort where 300 texans are Causes a bigger revolt "Remember the Almo"
48
Sam Houston
Led an army of texans to the "Battle of San Jacunto"-a river Killed 630 Mexican troops and captured 730 troops with only 32 lost Winning this battle, Texas became independent and a decade long border war persisted between Texas and Mexico
49
"The Lone Star Republic"
Texas after independence | 1st president is Sam Houston
50
James K. Polk
President who annexes Texas | Wanted to expand the country
51
Annexation of Texas (Dec 1845)
North didn't want it but south did | Polk got half of Oregon to please the north (49*)
52
The Gadsden Purchase
Last purchase to settle all of the continual US | Bought to build a railroad across the continent
53
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Forced Mexico to give up the northern 1/3 of the country Kept New Mexico Made the Rio Grande river the border for Texas
54
Mexican American war 1846-1848
Polk sent troops to Texas which caused Mexico to send troops to These troops fought and made Polk declare war America won when Winfield Scott captured Mexico City California declares independence during this war
55
The Gadsden Purchase
The lost purchase to settle all of the continental US | bought to build a railroad across the continent
56
Wilmot Proviso
A bill that wanted to ban slavery in all land gained from Mexico All northerners agreed with this and all the southerners didn't Tried for 10 years in a row to pass this The house of reps would pass it but the senate would not
57
California Gold Rush
80,000 people move to California in search for Gold 40 rivers Many from South America In Oct 1849 California wrote a state constitution This was in the middle of the 36*-30* line
58
Harriet Tubman
Escaped slave Made 19 trips to the south to free slaves Underground Railroad Helped about 300 slaves
59
What types of schools were in the north and the south
Public schools in north Private tutors in south for wealthy Horris man
60
What did the south want to nullify
Tariff
61
What don't you have to do to vote
Own property
62
Texas and Mexico
Texas independent of 9 years Mexico doesn't recognize Can't be decided if slave or nonslave state
63
Immigrants move where
North
64
Where was cheap land found
West
65
What was the problem when we gained or lost land
Whether slavery would expand or not
66
What did the great awakening do and what was it
Religious revival | Starts reforming
67
Who had slaves in the south
Only wealthy
68
Were abolitionist a majority or minority
Minority
69
What goes hand in hand
Women's reforms and antislavery
70
Anti-Slavery
Garrison Douglas Bistro
71
Seneca falls
Independence for women
72
Why did we want Louisiana purchase
We need Mississippi River
73
What time period
1803-1850

US History (12 decks)

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