2nd Exam, Ch 10

Question 0

A complex, unlearned, and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a species is called a(n)

Answer 0

Instinct

Question 1

Motivetion is defined by psychologists as

Answer 1

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal.

Question 2

It is characteristic of bears to hibernate. This behavior is an example of

Answer 2

An instinct.

Question 3

A need refers to

Answer 3

A physiological state that triggers motivational arousal

Question 4

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce

Answer 4

A drive

Question 5

Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as

Answer 5

the body’s tendency to maintain a constant internal state.

Question 6

Which of the folowing is cearly NOT an example of an incentive?

Answer 6

Dehydration

Question 7

On some college football teams, players are rewarded for outstanding performance with a gold star on their helmets. This practice is an example of

Answer 7

Incentives

Question 8

The arousal theory of motivationwould be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of

Answer 8

Boredom

Question 9

The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow’s hierarchy of human motives includes the need for

Answer 9

Food and water

Question 10

Maslow referred to the needs for purpose and meaning that lie beyond the self as

Answer 10

self-transcendence needs.

Question 11

According to Maslow, our need for ______ must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for _______.

Answer 11

adequate clothing; self-esteem

Question 12

Ancel Keys and his colleagues observed that men on a semistarvation diet

Answer 12

lost interest in sex and social activities.

Question 13

The set point is

Answer 13

the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time.

Question 14

Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by psychological as well as biological factors. Some researchers have therefore

Answer 14

Settling point

Question 15

Anorexia nervosa is typically characterized by

Answer 15

an excessive fear of becoming fat

Question 16

Twenty-two -year-old Tawana is slightly overweight and loves to eat, particularly snack foods and rich desserts. Fearful of becoming overweight, eating. Tawana most clearly suffers from

Answer 16

bulimia nervosa.

Question 17

The World Health Organization identifies obesity as a high

Answer 17

BMI

Question 18

19. The health risks associated with obesity are generally the greatest for those who carry their excess weight around their

Answer 18

Bellies

Question 19

If your close friend becomes obese, the odds of you likewise becoming obese increase. This best illustrates the impact of _____ on obesity.

Answer 19

Social influence

Question 20

Researchers have observed that the incidence of obesity and diabetes among 50,000 nurses was predicted by their

Answer 20

TV viewing habits.

Question 21

Compared with people in the early 1900s, we are eating

Answer 21

a higher-sugar, higher-fat diet.

Question 22

Evidence that obesity is influenced by factors in addition to genetics includes the fact that

Answer 22

The average adult American weighs more than 20 lbs more than they did 50 years ago

Question 23

Lower rates of pregnancy have been observed among teens who have

Answer 23

participated in a service learning program as tutors or teachers’ aides.

Question 24

More than a dozen national surveys in the early 1990s indicated that in both Europe and the United States, about ____ percent of men are gay and about ____ percent of women are gay.

Answer 24

3 or 4; 1or 2

Question 25

A homosexual orientation is

Answer 25

very persistent and difficult to change.

Question 26

A biological influence on homosexuality is most clearly seen from evidence of

Answer 26

sexual relations between same-sex partners in several hundred different animal species.

Question 27

With respect to sex research and human values, the text suggests that

Answer 27

sex research and education should be accompanied by open consideration of sexual values.

Question 28

Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to suggest that almost all humans are genetically predisposed to

Answer 28

form close enduring relationships with fellow humans.

Question 29

A deep sense of well being results when our need for relatedness is satisfied in balance with our psychological need for

Answer 29

Autonomy

Question 30

Foolish conformity to peer pressure is most likely to be motivated by ____ needs.

Answer 30

Belongingness

Question 31

When asked to describe personal episodes that made them feel particularly bad about themselves. about four times in five, people describe

Answer 31

A relationship difficulty

Question 32

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of

Answer 32

An instinct

Question 33

Unlike in men, a high sex drive in women is likely to be associated with an increased same-sex attraction as well as an increased opposite-sex attraction. This best illustrates greater

Answer 33

erotic plasticity

Question 34

The fraternal birth-order effect refers to a factor associated with

Answer 34

Sexual orientation

Question 35

When asked what Is most necessary for a happy and meaningful life, most people first mention the Importance of satisfying their

Answer 35

belongingness

Question 36

Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis In motivation?

Answer 36

drive-reduction theory

Question 37

Some students work hard in school to attain high grades. This best illustrates the importance of

Answer 37

Incentives

Question 38

A starving rat will lose all interest in food if its ______ is destroyed.

Answer 38

lateral hypothalamus

Question 39

To lose some of the weight she gained from binge eating, Melissa uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptom

Answer 39

bulimia nervosa

Question 40

Over the past 50 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa has steadily increased. This is most clearly attributable to

Answer 40

cultural ideals of beauty that increasingly encourage thinness

Question 41

In a classic experiment, obese patients whose daily caloric intake was dramatically reduced lost only 6 percent of their weight. This was because of a

Answer 41

Decrease in metabolic rate