3 Flashcards
(45 cards)
Factors to consider in selecting textiles:
- Flammability (flame resistance) & smoke generation
- Abrasion (wearing away).
- Stain resistance.
- Sustainability
- Crushing (Flatten out).
- Moisture (change length with humidity).
- Cleanability.
- Tear and burst strength.
- The client reaction.
HOW IS FABRIC MADE?
Fabrics makes yarns,
Yarns
Yarns woven to create Fabrics.
Fiber types:
- Natural fibers:
- Synthetic fiber or Man-Made fibers:
Fibers that are produced by plants
& animals. cotton and wool are direct source to fiber.
Wool can be used as hair or woven into any textile.
Natural fibers
Manmade
fibers are made from various chemicals or
regenerated from plant fibers.
Examples of manmade fibers are polyester – (nylon);
acrylics.
Synthetic fiber or Man-Made fibers
Simply put it’s when two or more types of
fibers are combined together into the
one fabric.
they are created to improve the feel,
performance or durability of the fabric.
Blended Fabrics
Natural fibers that are
sourced from animals
e.g., silk from the
silkworm
Protein Fiber- Silk - Wool
Natural plant fibers made
from cellulose a substance
that forms the
cell walls of
plants Ex. linen & cotto
cellulose fiber-Cotton – Linen - Bamboo
Developed from
plant cellulose after
processing it
Cellulosic Fiber-Rayon
Manufactured fibers, they
are entirely chemically
based
Non-cellulosic Fiber-Polyester-Nylon
comes from one kind of caterpillar that eats mulberry leaves.
This kind represents 90% of the commercial silk industry.
* Properties:
* Appearance :
* Uses:
-Silk
-Good tensile strength, may water spot, yellows with age, degraded by UV rays
-lustrous, crisp drapabilitySmooth,
-Drapery, light upholstery, used in blends
- Properties: Resists wrinkling, absorbent, resilient, burns
slowly in direct flame, self-extinguishes - Appearance : smooth, droppable, staple, springy; varies
by animal - Uses: Carpeting, upholstery and drapery
Wool
- Properties: Absorbent, dyes well, flammable unless
treated with chemicals. - Appearance : Soft, tends to wrinkle
- Uses: Drapery and multipurpose in blends; difficult to
keep clean without treatments or use in blends
- Properties: Absorbent, dyes well, flammable unless
Cotton
- Properties: Absorbent, dyes well, resists piling and
degradation from UV, wrinkles. - Appearance : Crisp, smooth
- Uses: Upholstery wrinkles, drapery elongates and shrinks
with changes in humidity, some use in carpeting, dry
clean only.
Linen
.
Properties: Absorbent, dyes well
Appearance : Crisp
Uses: Floor covering
Jute/Bamboo/Hemp
- Naturally occurring threads
- Have their own inherent properties created by their chemistry and
their form. Ex. Chemistry of nylon makes it resist abrasion. - Characteristics of it chemistry compared; (L=low, M=medium,
H=high).
*Put in mind that
Two types of fibers can be used for one textile
Fiber
Long , continuous filaments.
* The characteristics of a yarn comes from the fibers
themselves. Short and curly will give a fuzzy yet warm
yarn.
yarn
The Degree of twist as the fibers are spun in to yarn
also contributes to the characteristics of the fabric :
Tight and loose
2. Number of plies
: The number of yarns twisted together
Ply
yarn thickness: …
….: It’s a unit of density based on the length
and weight of a yarn or fiber
Higher Thickness> durable
denier
Once we have our yarn, we’re ready to make fabric.
* There are many ways do this, such as
weaving (any textile formed by weaving)
knitting (textile that results from knitting).
felting. (Felt is a textile material that is produced by
matting, condensing and pressing fibers together.)
- All give aesthetic and functional are differences
The main difference between knit vs woven fabrics is
they are constructed
.
t
fabrics are created using several yarns
.
Woven
involves interloping or interlacing a single
Knitting
