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Question 1

Spanish civil war

Answer 1

war fought in the late 1930s in spain. On one side were the Loyalists, Spaniards loyal to a recently elected government in the form of a republic; on the other side were fascists (see fascism), led by General Francisco Franco.

Question 2

Remilitarization of the Rhineland

Answer 2

Provisions of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles forbade Germany (defeated in World War I) to station armed forces in a demilitarized zone in the __________—a region in western Germany bordering France, Belgium, and part of the Netherlands.

Question 3

Nazi Party

Answer 3

a far-right political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945, that created and supported the ideology of National Socialism.

Question 4

The enabling act

Answer 4

passed by the German Reichstag (Diet) in 1933 that enabled Adolf Hitler to assume dictatorial powers. … It gave Hitler a base from which to carry out the first steps of his National Socialist revolution.

Question 5

Reza Khan

Answer 5

Iranian army officer who rose through army ranks to become shah of Iran (1925–41) and began the regeneration of his country.

Question 6

Atomic Weapons

Answer 6

weapons that get their explosive energy from fission reactions. Thermonuclear weapons, or hydrogen bombs, rely on a combination of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion is another type of reaction in which two lighter atoms combine to release energy.

Question 7

Mein Kampf

Answer 7

a 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.

Question 8

The Muslim brotherhood

Answer 8

is an Islamic organization that was founded in Ismailia, Egypt by Hassan al-Banna in March 1928 as an Islamist religious, political, and social movement.

Question 9

Anticolonialism

Answer 9

opposed to colonial rule of one country by another : opposing or resisting colonialism anti-colonial movements.

Question 10

Chiang Kai-Shek

Answer 10

Chinese military and political figure; in the Chinese civil war that followed World War II he was defeated by the Chinese communists and in 1949 was forced to withdraw to Taiwan where he served as president of Nationalist China until his death (1897-1975)

Question 11

The Great Depression

Answer 11

the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from 1929 to 1939. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors.

Question 12

Adolph Hitler

Answer 12

was a German politician and leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP). He rose to power as Chancellor of Germany in 1933, and as Führer in 1934.

Question 13

El Alamein

Answer 13

a pitched battle in World War II (1942) resulting in a decisive Allied victory by British troops under Montgomery over German troops under Rommel.

Question 14

Stalingrad

Answer 14

A major battle between German and Soviet troops in World War II. The battle was fought in the winter of 1942–1943 and ended with the surrender of an entire German army. _______ is considered a major turning point of the war in favor of the Allies.

Question 15

Palestine

Answer 15

, generally defined as a geographic region in the Southern Levant between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River (where Israel and _______ are today), and various adjoining lands.

Question 16

Invasion of Poland

Answer 16

action by Germany that began World War II in 1939. Germany invaded Poland only days after signing the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, under which the Soviet Union agreed not to defend Poland from the east if Germany attacked it from the west.

Question 17

Mustafá Kemal

Answer 17

The Turkish Parliament granted him the surname Atatürk in 1934, which means “Father of the Turks”, in recognition of the role he played in building the modern Turkish Republic. … Eleftherios Venizelos, former Prime Minister of Greece, forwarded Atatürk’s name for the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize.

Question 18

The Battle of Britain

Answer 18

military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany’s air force, the Luftwaffe.

Question 19

The purges

Answer 19

is a removal of people who are considered undesirable by those in power from a government, another organization, their team leaders, or society as a whole. A group undertaking such an effort is labeled as ________ itself.

Question 20

Josef Stalin

Answer 20

was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union from the mid–1920s until 1953 as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Question 21

Mohandas Gandhi

Answer 21

political and spiritual leader during India’s struggle with Great Britain for home rule; an advocate of passive resistance (1869-1948)

Question 22

Zionism

Answer 22

a movement for (originally) the re-establishment and (now) the development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel. It was established as a political organization in 1897 under Theodor Herzl, and was later led by Chaim Weizmann.

Question 23

Inflation

Answer 23

In economics, hyperinflation is very high and typically accelerating inflation. It quickly erodes the real value of the local currency, as the prices of all goods increase. This causes people to minimize their holdings in that currency as they usually switch to more stable foreign currencies, often the US Dollar.

Question 24

Axis

Answer 24

alignment of nations that fought in the Second World War against the Allied forces. … The _______ grew out of the Anti-Comintern Pact, an anti-communist treaty signed by Germany and Japan in 1936.

Question 25

Collectivization

Answer 25

was a policy of forced consolidation of individual peasant households into collective farms called “kolkhozes” as carried out by the Soviet government in the late 1920’s - early 1930’s.

Question 26

Lebensraum

Answer 26

was a basic principle of Nazi foreign policy. Hitler believed that eastern Europe had to be conquered to create a vast German empire for more physical space, a greater population, and new territory to supply food and raw materials.

Question 27

Fascism

Answer 27

a form of government that is a type of one-party dictatorship. _______ are against democracy. They work for a totalitarian one-party state. … It stands for a centralized government headed by a dictator. Historically, _______ governments tend to be autocratic, militaristic, and racist.

Question 28

The Indian National Congress

Answer 28

a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa.

Question 29

Operation Barbosa

Answer 29

during World War II, code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union, which was launched on June 22, 1941. The failure of German troops to defeat Soviet forces in the campaign signaled a crucial turning point in the war.

Question 30

Pearl Harbor

Answer 30

An inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the southern coast of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. It became the site of a naval base after the United States annexed Hawaii in 1898. On Sunday, December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked the base, and the United States entered World War II the following day.

Question 31

Manhattan Project

Answer 31

was the code name for the American-led effort to develop a functional atomic weapon during World War II. … __________was started in response to fears that German scientists had been working on a weapon using nuclear technology since the 1930s—and that Adolf Hitler was prepared to use it.

Question 32

Neville Chamberlain

Answer 32

British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany

Question 33

Battle of the bulge

Answer 33

the last major German offensive on the Western Front during World War II—an unsuccessful attempt to push the Allies back from German home territory.

Question 34

D-day

Answer 34

is the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. The best known _______ is during World War II, on June 6, 1944—the day of the Normandy landings—initiating the Western Allied effort to liberate western Europe from Nazi Germany.

Question 35

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggressive Pact

Answer 35

two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years. With Europe on the brink of another major war, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) viewed the pact as a way to keep his nation on peaceful terms with Germany, while giving him time to build up the Soviet military. German chancellor Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) used the pact to make sure Germany was able to invade Poland unopposed. The pact also contained a secret agreement in which the Soviets and Germans agreed how they would later divide up Eastern Europe. The German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact fell apart in June 1941, when Nazi forces invaded the Soviet Union.

Question 36

The Anschluss

Answer 36

refers to the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938. The word’s German spelling, until the German orthography reform of 1996

Question 37

Franklin Roosevelt

Answer 37

was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

Question 38

Weimar Republic

Answer 38

was Germany’s government from 1919 to 1933, the period after World War I until the rise of Nazi Germany. It was named after the town of _________ where Germany’s new government was formed by a national assembly after Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated.

Question 39

New economic policy

Answer 39

covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the ________.

Question 40

The Comintern

Answer 40

known also as the Third International (1919–1943), was an international organization that advocated world communism. … The ________ was dissolved by Stalin in 1943 to avoid antagonizing his wartime allies, the United States and the United Kingdom.

Question 41

Zaibatsu

Answer 41

a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period until the end of World War II.

Question 42

The holocaust

Answer 42

the mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime during the period 1941–45. More than 6 million European Jews, as well as members of other persecuted groups, such as gypsies and homosexuals, were murdered at concentration camps such as Auschwitz.

Question 43

Latin America

Answer 43

a region that is difficult to define. … It is defined by others as a region where a Romance language (Spanish, Portuguese, or French) predominates, or as the countries with a history of Iberian (Spanish and Portuguese) colonialism.

Question 44

Wahhabism

Answer 44

an Islamic doctrine and religious movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. … The alliance between followers of ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad bin Saud’s successors (the House of Saud) proved to be a durable one.

Question 45

Mao Zedong

Answer 45

was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in …