3. Cellular respiration

Question 1

is glucose oxidized or reduced?

Answer 1

oxidized

Question 2

what kind of transport uses pyruvate to enter the matrix?

Answer 2

active transport

Question 3

carboxyl group of pyruvate

Answer 3

-COO-

Question 4

which element is contained in the coenzyme a

Answer 4

sulfur

Question 5

where is CoA derived from

Answer 5

from a B-vitamin

Question 6

the final production of the pyruvate oxidation phase

Answer 6

for both pyruvates:
2 acetyl-CoA
2 NADH
2CO2

Question 7

is pyruvate oxidation aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 7

aerobic

Question 8

hexokinase role in glycolysis?

Answer 8

the first enzyme
transfers one phosphate group from ATP to glucose, making it more reactive.
glucose—–> glucose 6-phosphate

Question 9

phosphoglucoisomerase role in glycolysis?

Answer 9

the second enzyme
converts glucose 6- 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate

Question 10

the role of phospho-fructokinase in glycolysis

Answer 10

the 3d enzyme
transfers a phosphate group from ATP, converting fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1.6 biphosphate

Question 11

the role of ALDOLASE in glycolysis

Answer 11

the 4th enzyme
breaks fructose 1,6-biphosphate into two 3C molecules G3P and DHAP

Question 12

G3P

Answer 12

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Question 13

DHAP

Answer 13

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Question 14

which enzyme makes the conversion between G3P and DHAP

Answer 14

Isomerase

Question 15

which is used in the following steps, G3P od DHAP

Answer 15

G3P

Question 16

which enzyme helps in the formation of NADH during glycolysis?

Answer 16

triose phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 17

which enzyme helps in the formation of ATP during glycolysis?

Answer 17

phosphoglycerokinase

Question 18

the role of phosphoglyceromutase in glycolysis?

Answer 18

helps to relocate the phosphate group of the 3C molecule
3-phosphoglycerate——> 2-phosphoglycerate

Question 19

PEP

Answer 19

phosphoenol pyruvate

Question 20

the role of ENOLASE in glycolysis?

Answer 20

causes a double bond to form by extracting one H2O molecule
it converts 2-phosphoglycerate to PEP

Question 21

the role of pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?

Answer 21

converts PEP to pyruvate by transferring a phosphate group from PEP to ADP to form ATP

Question 22

the final production of the Krebs cycle

Answer 22

4CO2
6NADH
2FADH2
2ATP

Question 23

where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

Answer 23

the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Question 24

which molecule has the lowest affinity for electrons?

Answer 24

NADH

Question 25

which molecule has the highest affinity for electrons?

Answer 25

O2

Question 26

In which complex does NADH release its electrons?

Answer 26

in complex 1

Question 27

In which complex does FADH2 release its electrons?

Answer 27

In complex 2

Question 28

The name of the last electron carrier that passes the electrons to O2?

Answer 28

Cytokinine a3 (Cyt a3)

Question 29

where is Cyt a3 found?

Answer 29

in complex 4

Question 30

in which complex does ADP transform to ATP?

Answer 30

in the ATP-synthase complex, which is located after the 4th complex

Question 31

in which complex is H2O produced?

Answer 31

in complex 4

Question 32

beta-oxidation

Answer 32

breaks fatty acids into 2C molecules, which enter the citric acid cycle as ACETYL CoA FADH2 and NADH are also generated during beta-oxidation

Question 33

the role of glycerol in cellular respiration?

Answer 33

it is used as G3P to form pyruvate

Question 34

what must happen to aa if used for cellular respiration?

Answer 34

deamination, extraction of the NH3 group

Question 35

which is the last acceptor in fermentation?

Answer 35

Sulfate ion (SO4)2- or other organic molecules

Question 36

products of lactic fermentation?

Answer 36

lactate (oxidized form of lactic acid) and 2 ATP

Question 37

products of alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 37

Ethanol + 2ATP + 2CO2

Question 38

which organisms undergo alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 38

Bacteria and Yeast (fungi)

Question 39

where does the citric acid cycle take place in prokaryotes?

Answer 39

in the plasma membrane

Question 40

the order of products in the Krebs cycle

Answer 40

oxalacetate 4C citrate 6C isocitrate (formed by releasing and adding a molecule of H20) alpha-ketoglutarate 5C succinyl CoA 4C succinate 4C fumarate 4C malate 4C