Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

U0 Biology 115 > 3 lecture 1 > Flashcards

3 lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how long does it take a cell to make a peptide bond

A

about 300 msec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what phase do cells start in

A

cell starts in g1 (gap 1/gap phase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is interphase

A

g1, s, g2 is collectively called interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the cell cycle

A 
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is Interphase:

A

the DNA replicates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is Mitosis:

A

the copied chromosomes are moved into daughter nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does mitosis occur

A

Mitosis occurs in somatic or body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is Cytokinesis

A

the cell is split into 2 daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

most of the cell cycle is spent in what

A

interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 3 phases of interphase

A

G1:
S: DNA replicates
G2: cell makes proteins needed to complete mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens in g1

A

cell grows, organelles duplicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens in s

A

DNA replicates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens in g2

A

cell makes proteins needed to complete mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does g1 provide

A

size control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why must growth be controlled

A

if you don’t have controlled growth in g1, it will look like this
there will be an exponential growth of cells with only a nucleus
you would expect to see (if the growth was to controlled)… she never said what actually happens so…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Before dividing, cells must do what

A

accurately copy their DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a gene

A

is a section of DNA that has the instructions for making a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a chromosome

A

One molecule of DNA is wrapped around proteins to form a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A chromosome has how many genes

A

100s - 1000s of genes

20
Q

do all species have the same number of chromosomes

A

Different species have different numbers of chromosomes

21
Q

how many chromosomes do human have

A

we have 46

22
Q

what are chromosomes before cell division

A

Chromosomes are uncondensed before cell division

23
Q

what are duplicated chromosomes

A

Duplicated chromosomes, held together at the centromere, are called sister chromatids

24
Q

how are chromosomes duplicated

A

Chromosomes are duplicated through DNA replication

25
Q

DNA molecule is split up the middle of what

A

the helix

26
Q

what are the steps to DNA replication

A

Chromosomes are uncondensed before cell division
Duplicated chromosomes, held together at the centromere, are called sister chromatids
Chromosomes are duplicated through DNA replication
DNA molecule is split up the middle of the helix
Nucleotides are added to each side, pairing by hydrogen bonding
Result is two identical DNA molecules, each with one parental strand and one new strand
semiconservative replication
DNA pol moves along the length of the unwound DNA 
and helps form
new strands from the template strands

27
Q

what is DNA polymerase:

A

is the enzyme that

replicates DNA

28
Q

DNA replication results in what

A

DNA replication results in lots of chromosomes that must be efficiently segregated into daughter cells

29
Q

Mitosis produces what

A

two genetically-identical nuclei

30
Q

Mitosis is followed by what

A

cytokinesis

31
Q

what is cytokinesis

A

splits the two nuclei into two daughter cells

32
Q

what are the 4 stages of mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

33
Q

what happens in prophase

A

Chromosomes condense
Nuclear envelope disappears
Microtubules pull/push chromosomes
Animal cells: microtubules are attached to centrosomes (which contain centrioles)
centrosomes form the poles of spindle apparatus

34
Q

what happens in Metaphase

A

Chromosomes are aligned across the middle of the cell by microtubules

35
Q

what happens in Anaphase:

A 
centromeres separate (they do not split) 
sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles
36
Q

what happens in Telophase:

A

Nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes

Chromosomes return to uncondensed form

37
Q

what is cytokinesis

A

Cytokinesis is the stage in which two daughter cells are formed from the original one

38
Q

what happens After cytokinesis,

A

cells re-enter interphase (G1)

39
Q

what pinches the original cell into two new cells

A

Proteins (microfilaments; actin) pinch the original cell into two new cells

40
Q

what does cytokinesis in plants start with

A

Starts with vesicles forming the cell plate

41
Q

what is the result of cytokinesis in plants

A

This results in a new cell wall (made of cellulose) being formed between the cells forming daughter cells

42
Q

what uses Asexual reproduction

A

bacteria, some eukaryotes

43
Q

what is Asexual reproduction

A

Only one parent

Offspring are genetically identical to parent

44
Q

what uses Sexual reproduction

A

animals, plants, fungi

45
Q

what is produced from sexual reproduction

A

Gametes are combined from two parents

46
Q

what are the offspring like compared to their parent in sexual reproduction

A

Offspring are genetically different from one another and from the parents

U0 Biology 115 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions