3 - Nutrition & Macromolecules (& Proteins)

Question 1

What 4 vitamins are fat-soluble?

Answer 1

A
D
E
K

Question 2

What 2 vitamins are water-soluble?

Answer 2

B
C

Question 3

Which enzyme breaks down lipids?

Answer 3

Lipase

Question 4

Which enzyme breaks down proteins?

Answer 4

Protease

Question 5

What are the 6 main classes of nutrients?

Answer 5

1) Carbohydrates
2) Proteins
3) Lipids
4) Vitamins
5) Minerals
6) Water

Question 6

What are the 3 macromolecules?

Answer 6

1) Carbohydrates
2) Proteins
3) Lipids

Question 7

What are essential nutrients? Give examples.

Answer 7

Chemicals that the body is unable to make and must be ingested.

Some amino acids, carbohydrates, and fatty acids.
Water
Most vitamins and minerals

Question 8

What is the fancy name for carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Saccharides

Question 9

What are polysaccharides? What are they broken down by?

Answer 9

Long chains of carbohydrates. Glycogen, starch & cellulose.

Salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase.

Question 10

What are disaccharides? What are they broken down by?

Answer 10

Sucrose, lactose, maltose.

Sucrase

Question 11

What are 3 monosaccharides?

Answer 11

Glucose, galactose, fructose.

Question 12

Smallest -> largest, what are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 12

Amino acids
Peptides
Polypeptides
Protein

Question 13

What is the makeup of amino acids?

Answer 13

Amine
Carboxyl group
Hydrogen
Side group

Question 14

How is protein digested?

Answer 14

Pepsin (stomach)

Question 15

How are polypeptides digested?

Answer 15

Trypsin (duodenum)

Question 16

Where are peptides absorbed?

Answer 16

Villi & microvilli in small intestine

Question 17

What is the most common form of lipid?

Answer 17

Triglyceride

Question 18

How are lipids digested?

Answer 18

Bile from gall bladder
Lipase (pancreas)

Question 19

What % of dry body weight do proteins make up?

Answer 19

~42%

Question 20

What 4 elements do proteins always contain?

Answer 20

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Question 21

What 4 elements might proteins contain?

Answer 21

Phosphorous
Sulphur
Iron
Iodine

Question 22

How many amino acids are in a dipeptide?

Answer 22

2

Question 23

How many amino acids are in an oligopeptide?

Answer 23

3-10

Question 24

How many amino acids are in a polypeptide?

Answer 24

10+

Question 25

How many amino acids are in a protein?

Answer 25

50+

Question 26

What are 6 functions of proteins?

Answer 26

Transport Regulation Protection Contraction Structure Energy

Question 27

What are 2 types of proteins?

Answer 27

Fibrous Globular

Question 28

What are 5 examples of fibrous protein?

Answer 28

Collagen Elastin Keratin Myosin Actin

Question 29

What are 5 examples of globular protein?

Answer 29

Haemoglobin Myoglobin Insulin Most enzymes Antibodies

Question 30

What is the primary structure of proteins?

Answer 30

Sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Question 30

What is the proteome?

Answer 30

All of the proteins that a cell makes

Question 30

What is the secondary structure of proteins?

Answer 30

Proteins fold due to amino acids having different side-chains into alpha helices or beta-pleated sheets

Question 30

What are the characteristics of globular protein? (Structure, solubility, stability, function, sensitivity)

Answer 30

Polypeptide chain folded into compact shape Usually water-soluble Mobile and chemically active Play crucial roles in nearly all biological processes More functional Sensitive to changes in temperature, pH, etc.

Question 30

What is the Quaternary structure of proteins?

Answer 30

Combined 3D structure of 2+ polypeptide chains

Question 30

What are the 2 regular folding patterns of proteins?

Answer 30

Alpha helices (keratin) Beta-pleated sheets (fibrion)

Question 30

What is the tertiary structure of proteins?

Answer 30

Secondary folding determines 3D structure. Unique structures form, held together by bonds between amino acids.

Question 30

What are the characteristics of fibrous protein? (Structure, solubility, stability, function, sensitivity)

Answer 30

Simple, elongated polypeptide chains arr. In parallel fashion along single acid Usually insoluble in water Usually stable Provide mechanical support and tensile strength More structural Abundant outside the cell Make up a lot of the matrix between the cells Less sensitive to changes in temperature, pH, etc.